(a)I have no brother.
(b)I have no brothers.
(c)I have not a brother.
(d)I have not any brothers.
以上四句都正确,句意相同。注意: no 可以后接单数或者复数名词,不能与 a/an/any 连用; not a/an 后接可数名词单数形式,not any 后接复数名词或者不可数名词。
have no brother 及 have no brothers 请说明下列三句英语的不同及在no后接名词时单复数的用法。 (a)I have no brother. (b)I have no brothers. (c)I have not a brother.
【解答】 在no后接不可数(uncountable)的事物时,是用单数, 如: I have( or there is)no water( money, bread, hope, difficulty)。所以凡是不可数的名词,一概都用单数。成为问题的是那些可数的名词( countable noun),如问句中提出 other之类。
在“no+名词”而成为动词have的宾语时,也有种种不同的情形,现分别加以说明如下。
例如一把茶壶普通只有一个壸盖,在这种情形下,说这茶壶没有壶盖”时,当然是以用单数为原则:
This teapot has no lid. 同此类的,都用单数,如:
That cat has no tail. He has no father.
普通一个人只带一只手表,出门只带一架照相机
I have no watch. He has no camera
至于树上的叶子必然是很多的,飞蚂蚁的翼翅必然是成双的,人的牙齿也有三十个以上,所以当然都要用复数名词:
That tree has no leaves. The ant has no wings.
My grandmother has no teeth.
说到 brother这样的名词,就很难讲了,因为有人只有一个哥哥或一个弟弟,有人则有好几个兄弟,实在没有一定,所以问句中的(a)例 既可以说,(b)例也可以说,没有一点什么不同。
把no后接的名词,用作单数或复数,全在说话者当时的感触,如果他觉得对方只有一个兄弟他就用单数名词;如果他觉得对方可能兄弟很多他就用复数名词。二者并没有不同之处,只是反映说话者的意识而已。再举同样情形的例如下:
She has no child (or children).
I have no sister (or sisters).
We have no egg (or eggs) left.
至于(a)及(b) I have no brother(s)与(c) I have not a brother两句,意思是有些不同的。(a)或(b)句只是说“我无兄弟”,而(c)句则语气要强得多,可译成“我连一个兄弟也没有”。
There is no (= not any) man who can do it.(普通)
There is not a man who can do it. (强调)
I have no book(s). (普通)
I have not a book. (强调)
There was no egg in the nest. (普通)
There was not an egg in the nest. (强调)
如果不是用在动词have之后,或由 there is开头的句中而是用于be动词的场合,意思又不同了。
He is not a teacher.意为“他不是教书的”,他可能是公务员,也可能是商人等等。
He is no teacher意为“他不是一个好教师,他教书简直不成。这句比上句意思强得多。
He is not a poet. (他不是诗人,可能是小说家等。)
He is no poet. (他算不得什么诗人。)
He is not a fool:(他不是一个笨人)
He is no tool. (他很聪明。)
It is not a joke. (这不是笑话。)
It is no joke. (这可不是开玩笑的。)
He is not a scholar. (他不是学者。)
He is no scholar. (他不学无术。)
I am not a coward. (我非胆怯。)
I am no coward. (我很胆大。)
在 there is之后,“no+名词”的单数或复数,和在动词have后的情形一样,可单可复,例如:
There is no stove in my room.因一间房子中通常只装个炉子,所以用单数。
There are no books on the shelf.因书架上通常要放许多本书,故用复数。
如果那名词的数,通常可单可复,则说:
There is no bottle on the table. 或
There are no bottles on the table皆可。
在have以外的动词,也可照此原则办理,例如:
I saw no dog(s).
He wears no tie.
She wears no earrings.