prove 可以是“系动词”,也可以是“实意动词”。
(一)系动词包括 prove,都没有被动语态,尽管 prove 翻译成“被证明是”——但不要受汉语的影响去理解问题。
prove 是一个结果意义的系动词:说明主语被证实或最后出现的结果。除了它以外,还有 turn out。例如:
His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。
The article has proved most useful. 这篇文章证明很有用。
The examination turned out quite easy. 结果,考试相当容易。
The man turned out a thief. 那人结果是个小偷。
(二)prove 用作实意动词,是及物的,需要接宾语,自然有被动语态。例如:
He has proved his courage in the battle.
他已在这场战斗中证明了自己的勇气。
The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.
要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
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prove 可以作实意动词,在主动语态中,必须跟宾语;在被动语态中,不能跟宾语。例如:
We have evidence that will prove his guilt. = We have evidence that will prove that he is guilty. 我们有证据证明他有罪。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》,will prove 是主动语态, his guilt 和 that he is guilty 是宾语)
The charges against him were never proved in court. 对他的指控未在法庭上得到证实。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》,were proved是被动语态)
prove 也可以作系动词,没有被动语态。 prove 作系动词时,用于表示某物或某人最终被发现具有某种特质、能力等,通常译为“被证明是”、“结果是”。例如:
The new drug may prove (to be) beneficial / effective. 这种新药可能最终被证明是有益 / 有效的。(摘自《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》)