含蓄条件句

Without bees, the crops can't continue to grow.

请问这句话为什么不用虚拟语气呢?还有没有其他这种句子?

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最佳答案 2020-05-10 22:53

without bees作状语,句子谓语用陈述语气还是虚拟语气,取决于在说话人看来,这个条件是否有可能实现。如果不可能实现,即为虚拟条件,句子谓语用虚拟语气。如果条件有可能实现,则谓语动陈述语气。例如:

有一个区域的农田有虫害,有人建议用强力的杀虫剂喷洒灭虫。你反对。说了上句话。因为在你看来,他们会用杀虫剂的,会导致蜜蜂死亡。没有蜜蜂,庄稼也无法继续生长、繁殖。你用了陈述语气,因为在你看来,没有蜜蜂这个条件是有可能出现的。

换一个语境,我们都知道蜜蜂采蜜的过程起到了给花授粉的作用。我们说蜜蜂是益虫,没有蜜蜂,庄稼就无法生长繁殖。说这话的时候,我们认为没有蜜蜂是与事实相反的假设,所以句子谓语用虚拟语气。

所以,你的句子中用了陈述语气,不能算是错误。该用虚拟语气,也有道理。取决于说话人对于条件的认知,即条件是否可以或可能实现。

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刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

Without bees, the crops can't continue to grow.

Without bees 仍然是“含蓄条件”,但含蓄条件和虚拟语气没有必然的联系。

书上说的是“含蓄条件虚拟语气句”。意思是说,有时虚拟语气的使用是因为里面包含着“含蓄条件”。这不等于说,有含蓄条件就必然使用虚拟语气。


在含有 if 条件句的复合句中,一般通过主、从句的谓语动词形式,即可判断出是否用了“虚拟语气”。但很多情况下,虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示,而是用一些词、短语或其他连词,甚至通过上下文的暗示,这就是所谓的含蓄条件。

有时候还有更含蓄的,句子主语本身就是一种含蓄条件。例如:

1. Any thinking person would not accept such a condition.

任何一个有思想的人都不会接受这个条件。

等于说:If he were a thinking person, he would not accept such a condition.

2. A wiser man would not have done such a foolish thing.

聪明一点的人是不会干出这等蠢事的。

等于说:If he had been a wiser man, he would not have done such a foolish thing.

3. Only a scientist could understand all that this pursuit meant.

Only a scientist 存在含蓄条件,这句话蕴含着这层意思:

An ordinary person can’t understand all that this pursuit meant. He could understand all that this pursuit meant only if he were a scientist,

一个普通人无法理解这种追求的全部含义。只有是一名科学家,他才能懂得这种追求的全部意义。

以下也是“含蓄条件”,但比较明显。虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示,而是用一些词、短语或连词,如,without, but for, otherwise, or, but, but that 等方式体现出来,甚至上下文暗示。这种句子叫含蓄条件虚拟句。

    Without air,there wouldn't be living things in the world.

    →If there were no air,... 没有空气,世界上就没有生物。

    She would have come to see you,but she was so busy that day.

    →If she had not been so busy that day,she would have come to see you.

    她本来会来看你的,可是那天她实在太忙了。

    Such mistakes could have been avoided.

    →If we had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided.

    (如果我们再仔细一些)这样的错误本来是能够避免的。

    But for your advice,I would have failed.

    →If you hadn't given me advice,I would have failed.如果不是你的建议,我会失败的。

    He came to town yesterday,otherwise/or I would not have met him.

    →If he hadn't come to town yesterday, I would not have met him.

    他昨天到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见他了。

    You would be a fool to refuse his offer.

    →If you should refuse his offer, you would be a fool.

    你要是拒绝他的提议,就太傻了。

He reminded me of what I would otherwise have forgotten.

幸亏他及时提醒我,要不然我就忘了。

We must care for the weak who would otherwise fall by the wayside. 

我们要关心那些弱者, 不然他们会因失败而放弃努力的。

我分成两句,就好理解了:

He reminded me of that, otherwise, I would have forgotten it.

We must care for the weak, otherwise they would otherwise fall by the wayside. 


 

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