The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps.
现在分词 instructing...,是伴随状语,也暗示一定的目的性。表示在发传真的同时,“指示”这个动作也在发生,也就是说,两个动作是同时发生的。我们知道,不定式表示将来,目的性很强。本句若用不定式 to instruct...,“为了指示...才发电报”,不符合句意。
现在分词作伴随状语,也往往带有目的性。例如:
She waited impatiently, hoping he could come earlier.
她不耐烦地等待着,希望他能早点来。
The professor put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled,looking rather pleased.
教授把一个手指放进嘴里,尝了尝,笑了,看起来很高兴。
The secretary worked late into night, preparing a report for the manager.
秘书为了给经理准备一个报告而工作到深夜。