做阅读题时，

不要忘记一个非常重要的东西：篇章结构

它是文章的布局，每一个段落，自然是要围绕一个主题的

所以，抓住主题，就可以避免在一些琐碎的细节上兜圈子

Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man.When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day.After all,his career had not been without distinction.Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F.Kennedy was assassinated. As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.   

    In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr.Konstantin Chernenko.Now,as you all know,Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.   

      The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago. Fell off his trolley,so to speak.For all I know, he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley,and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser, but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country.Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.   

上面这三段讲的, 差不多是一个意思：

（人要生逢其时），死，也要死得当时，被另一个“盖了帽”，连死讯的报道都不咋的。

也就不要说发明创造之类的东西了。

可见这篇文章写得并不好，布局不太合理：等于是用了三段来提出主题

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     Not that it matters. Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had a named inventor. It’s like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon,or the chair, or socks. One assumes that these everyday objects just happened,or evolved through natural selection.   

    It isn't necessarily so. I read only the other day that Richard Ⅱ invented the handkerchief.Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo da Vinci (scissors,bicycles,helicopters,and probably spoons,socks and the Rubik cube as well) or by Benjamin Franklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)or else by Joseph Stalin(television).   

这两段标红的部分，是段落规划提示词，

即咋一眼看，是两个对立的段落，但深入看了两段文字后，会发现它们的语流是一致的

即论述一个事物的两个方面

上一段说，

(究竟该如何报道)这不重要。这些人死就死了呗，像别针、超市手推车这种小东西，何足怪齿。 其发明者又何以让人瞩目

### 注意这里出现 spoon，没说是谁发明的（语气是：传说是达芬奇而已，人们说是这样），但语意是spoon只不过是一件小玩意罢了， 一件不足挂齿的东西

下一段说，

本来(某东西)是谁发明的，也不一定就是那样的

### 只要看见 约瑟夫*斯大林  发明电视，基本就可以肯定，这段的语气是搞笑性质的
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   It’s quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley. Certainly it has been invented more than once.Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called)in his grave,than news came of the death of Sylvan N.Goodman at the age of 86.Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or,as the Los Angeles Times report calls it,the shopping cart.   

这段属于作者的叽叽歪歪了(但这个不用说，是最重要的部分)。

这段的核心是：一样东西会有重复发明，那也为未可知

      Be that as it may,Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman,or both,did a grand job and made supermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be.The next step will be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets.You could put an engine in the front and call it a car.Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram.The possibilities are endless.

继续叽叽歪歪，仍然是说一样东西会可能会有重复发明

并最后点明主题： The possibilities are endless.

-------------为便于理解，我讲述的用词是语意放大性质的-----------------

题目：

Who probably invented spoons?   

 A.Leonardo da Vinci.

 B.Benjamin Franklin.

 C.Victor Farris.

 D.A person unknown.  （√）

网上答案很多选D的，但是原文明确说了可能是达芬奇发明的呀。

看了我上面的分析，你还会选达芬奇么？

(Almost everything else was invented ...实际上是排除了达芬奇)

我问你，电视机是斯大林发明的么？

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翻译：

1: 倒数第二段：Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called) in his grave,than news came of the death of Sylvan N.Goodman at the age of 86.

大意：HE刚死，巧了，SN这个大牛逼也死了。

（为什么说后者可能是大牛逼呢，因为前者是“管他叫什么”，后者有名有姓）

2. 倒数第一段： Be that as it may, Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman,or both,did a grand job and made supermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be.

注释：

Be that as it may = Though it may be that 

otherwise = 这另外一种情况下 （有购物车是“这种情况”，那“无购物车”就是“在另外一种情况下”= otherwise； 用数学语言解释是，一个是 A，otherwise表示的就是 非A）

3. 第二段：

（整段）In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr.Konstantin Chernenko.Now,as you all know,Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.   

注释：

shuffle off =脱掉;摆脱

mortal coil 它是莎士比亚（to be, or not to be那首诗里）的用词

可以理解为尘世的烦扰，但我国有位名家把它翻译为“<一身>臭皮囊”，很到位。

shuffled off this mortal coil = 脱掉那身臭皮囊 =死掉

Andropov 安德罗波夫1914-1984

Chernenko 契尔年科 1911-1985

都是苏联时期执政很短暂的领导人（在戈尔巴乔夫之前）, 

bloke = 家伙

这段明显是调侃的语气，你FR死就死呗，咋就那么愚蠢地死在契尔年科同时？被人家盖了“死的风头”了。

-----安德罗波夫（死了) ----------- FR(死了)  /  契尔年科(死了)---------------->

FR死了，接下来，他的 the paper clip/the paper milk carton 肯定还会长期被使用

... long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.   

came between = (这里指) 死在；卒于

the comrade = FR（只能这样理解），

然后是，FR代表了他的生活年代，或者说是他死的最后期限/岁月

... 在人们忘记了这位同志的名字（实际是FR）很久之后 （那推车、盒还会在用），这位同志（FR）这个人死在安德罗波夫和他自己所代表的最后的岁月之间， 至于他的名字，就管它叫什么了

whatever this new bloke is called.   

如果改成 whatever this new bloke himself is called.   

那就简单了，那第三个翻译也就不需费这么多口舌了。

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太长了，一气写下来，未检查

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