非谓语成分判断

1.Robert is said to have studied abroad.

2.Her husband is known to have been writting the novel.

这里两个句子的非谓语是做主语补足语吗,有say sb to do这种说法吗

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最佳答案 2020-04-20 08:19

1.Robert is said to have studied abroad.

2.Her husband is known to have been writting the novel.

以上二个句子中Robert 和 Her husband 只是 is said 和 is known 语法上的主语,而不是意义上的主语,即is said 和 is known 描述的并不是 Robert 和 Her husband 这二个人,而是这二人作了什么事。所以谓语动词的语义是不完整的,需要补足成分来补足其意义的不完整,不定式短语对主语进一步描述,某人做了某事,到此谓语动词的意义才完整。所以不定式应该分析为主语补足语。但这二个句子并不是直接由主动句演变而来,因为say并没有 say sb to have done这种用法。它们是由下面句子演变而来的:

It is said that Robert has studied abroad.

It is known that her husband has been writing the novel.

is said 和 is known为主句的谓语动词,that从句为主语从句,是比主句第一个层次的结构。我们可以把that从句的主语(即低一级结构的主语)提到主句(高一级的结构)中作主语,把that从句的谓语动词改为不定式结构作主句的主语补足语,就得到你的二个句子:

Robert is said to have studied abroad.

Her husband is known to have been writting the novel.

在这二个句子中,主语都是从低一级的that从句提升到主句作主语的,主语只是语法上的主语,而不是语义上的主语,这种句子《剑桥语法》称为提升主语结构(raised subject)。

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  • 姜若一 提出于 2020-04-19 15:49

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