1.Robert is said to have studied abroad.
2.Her husband is known to have been writting the novel.
这里两个句子的非谓语是做主语补足语吗,有say sb to do这种说法吗
1.Robert is said to have studied abroad.
2.Her husband is known to have been writting the novel.
以上二个句子中Robert 和 Her husband 只是 is said 和 is known 语法上的主语,而不是意义上的主语,即is said 和 is known 描述的并不是 Robert 和 Her husband 这二个人,而是这二人作了什么事。所以谓语动词的语义是不完整的,需要补足成分来补足其意义的不完整,不定式短语对主语进一步描述,某人做了某事,到此谓语动词的意义才完整。所以不定式应该分析为主语补足语。但这二个句子并不是直接由主动句演变而来,因为say并没有 say sb to have done这种用法。它们是由下面句子演变而来的:
It is said that Robert has studied abroad.
It is known that her husband has been writing the novel.
is said 和 is known为主句的谓语动词,that从句为主语从句,是比主句第一个层次的结构。我们可以把that从句的主语(即低一级结构的主语)提到主句(高一级的结构)中作主语,把that从句的谓语动词改为不定式结构作主句的主语补足语,就得到你的二个句子:
Robert is said to have studied abroad.
Her husband is known to have been writting the novel.
在这二个句子中,主语都是从低一级的that从句提升到主句作主语的,主语只是语法上的主语,而不是语义上的主语,这种句子《剑桥语法》称为提升主语结构(raised subject)。
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