We are considering his going there. We are considering him going there. 我们考虑他到那儿去的事儿。 He objected to our winning the prize. He objected to us winning the prize. 他反对我们获奖。 以-ing做宾语, 其自身做主语的代词用所属格还是宾格?
We are considering his going there. We are considering him going there. 我们考虑他到那儿去的事儿。 He objected to our winning the prize. He objected to us winning the prize. 他反对我们获奖。 以-ing做宾语, 其自身做主语的代词用所属格还是宾格? 以-ing做宾语, 其自身如果用代词做主语,按照传统语法的规定,应该用所属格代词。但在口语中,人们常用宾语代词,即人称代词宾格做-ing的主语,所以上述四个句子都是正确的。 当宾语的-ing的主句是专有名词时,不可用所属格。例如下面的句子: I don't mind Jane changing her mind. 我对简改变主意不介意。 I want to avoid Mary thinking I don't want to help. 我想避免让玛丽认为我不想帮忙。 如果作宾语的-ing的主语是一般的名词词组,特别是带有后置修饰的名词词组,这种名词词组不可以用所属格形式。例如可以说: He objected to members of the same school winning the prize. 他反对同校成员获奖。 而不说: He objected to members of the school's winning the prize. 可以说: The crisis arose as a result of recent uncontrolled inflection having overweighed the benefits of the devaluation. 危机的产生是由于最近不受控制的通货膨胀在价值上超过了货币贬值的所带来的好处。 而不说: the crisis arose as a result of recent uncontrolled inflection's having overweighed the benefits of devaluation. 但是,当主语谓语动词由deny (否认),postpone(延迟), defer(推迟)等动词构成时,其后的-ing 如果自身还带有主语,这种主语通常用所属格。例如, He doesn't deny his breaking the agreement. 他不否认他破坏协定。 I have to postpone my drafting the plan to some time later. 我不得不把草拟计划的时间延迟到以后的某个时间。 They deffered Mr Johnson's going home on furlough until next month. 他们将约翰逊先生回国休假的时间推迟到下个月。
在英语传统语法中,动词-ing根据其属性被分为“动名词”和“现在分词”两类。
1. 动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格可构成“动名词的复合结构”,即给动名词加了一个逻辑主语,常用作主语、宾语或表语。若不是处在句子主语的位置上,动名词前既可用物主代词或名词所有格,也可用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如:
Tom’s / His smoking made me uncomfortable. 汤姆(他)吸烟使我很不爽。
I don’t mind Tom's / Tom / his / him smoking. 我不介意汤姆(他)吸烟。
2. 现在分词前可以加名词的普通格、数词、不定代词或主格的人称代词等构成独立主格结构,常用作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随或补充说明等等。例如:
Weather permitting, we'll go outing tomorrow. 如果天气允许,我们明天去郊游。(条件)
She being absent, the meeting had to be put off. 因为她缺席,所以会议不得不推迟。(原因)
It’s so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那儿湿度很大,所以树都长得特别高,一些高达90多米。(补充说明)
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