The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT_____.
A. Jim did this. B. Jim did so. C. Jim did that. D. Jim did.
这道题选A, B和D选项都懂。问题是,A和C选项,解析说, that用于指代上文;this用于指代下文。不是很能理解,之前常见的例如:
One of the most serious problems is pollution. In order to solve this problem……
这里的this problem不就指代了上文的pollution吗?
这个习题是根据章振邦《新编高级英语语法》动词性替代的内容编写的。该书第694页。
替代动词do可以替代整个谓部,即动词+宾语+状语。
do so被称为复合替代动词,= 替代动词do替代谓部。
当谓部为动词+宾语时,则还可以用do it, do this, do that.
然后该书提及,do so, do that可以和do交替使用,即do that也可以替代谓部。
Who told the news to the teacher? 这个句子谓部结构为动词+宾语+状语。
do this只能替代动词+宾语。本句含有介词短语作状语,故不能用do this. 但可以用do替代整个谓部,也可以用do so或者do that替换do. 所以可以说:
John did./John did so. / John did that. 而不包括that。
如果换一个问题:
Who broke the window? 由于谓部由动词+宾语构成,则也可以用do this.
John did./ John did so./ John did that./ John did this.
你所说的答案分析认为this指下文,that指上文。这个解释是不对的。that只可以指上文,不可以指下文。但this既可以指上文,也可以指下文。
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