静态动词与现在完成时

曹老师您好。在拜读您其他的回答时看到您有提到静态动词是延续性非终结动词,没有结束的意义,且在现在完成时中不能表达对现在有影响,需要加上段时间状语。

I have been a school teacher. 我曾经当过老师。(选自张满胜老师的语法书)

这句话“我是老师”这个状态不是已经结束了吗?而且书上说这是单一事件中的“远 的过去”事件对现在产生的影响。

我不知道该怎么理解了,期待曹老师的答复。


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最佳答案 2020-03-25 09:25

我给你摘引一段夸克《大全》的原文中关于现在完成时表示发生在不确切的过去时间的事件的叙述:P. 193

Variants of the indefinite past meaning
4.21 In reference to a single event in the past (meaning (b) above), the present
perfective, particularly in BrE, is associated with three implications or
connotations, each of which may or may not be applicable in a given
instance. These implications are (i) that the relevant time zone leads up to
the present; (ii) that the event is recent; and (iii) that the result of the action
still obtains at the present time.
... ...

... ...

The third connotation, that the result of the action still obtains, applies to
dynamic conclusive verbs
(cf 4.33-5), ie verbs whose meaning implies the
accomplishment of a change of state:
The apples have all been eaten.
My mother has recovered from her illness.
Have any of the visitors arrived?

夸克明确告诉我们,现在完成时表示过去动作的结果现在依然存在,这种用法适应于动态终结性动词

那么,你相信夸克说的,还是张满胜老师说的。

把一个静态动词的现在完成时解释为过去对现在的影响,只见于中国人写的书中。这是对现在完成时用法的曲解。

 

 

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  • LFXZ 提出于 2020-03-22 17:44

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