“It seems that she was there at the conference." The sentence means that
A. she seems to be there at the conference.
B. she seemed to be there at the conference.
C. she seems to have been there at the conference.
D. she seemed to being there at the conference.
参考答案说:
題干的意思为“看上去她似乎去参加过会议了。”所以答案为C,在动词不定式中采用完成时态来表示过去发生的事情。
对于答案说动词不定式中采用完成时表过去发生的事情,不是很理解,这个是因为动词不定式呢还是因为是完成时呢?比如说像could/should/must have done这样?
还有其他的选项的区别在哪里呢?其他选项分别是什么意思呢?
这些是我的问题,如果有老师能回答,感激不尽。
选项中的结构就是所谓的提升主语结构。
一个由it作形式主语,真正that主语从句外置的句子,在一定情况下可以转换成用that从句的主句作主句的主语,而that从句的谓语改为不定式结构的句子。例如下句:
It is said that he wrote/is writing/has written a new book.
这句被动语态谓语“说”的内容是that从句表示的内容,而不仅仅是he。但这个句子可以做如下转换:
用that从句的主语作主句的主语,从句的谓语改为动词不定式作主语补足语。不定式的形式由不定式动作与主句谓语时间的相对关系决定。
He is said to have written/to be writing/to have written a new book.
is said的时间为现在,that从句谓语为一般过去时或现在完成时,则动作都是现在以前的动作,所以要用不定式的完成体。that从句谓语为现在进行时,即和主句谓语为同时的,则不定式用进行体。
我们现在得到的句子就是提升主语结构,即 句子语法上的主语 he在意义上并不是is said的主语。is said的意义上的主句是 his writing a new book. 也就是说 这个句子的主语是由次一级的结构(主语从句)提升而来的。提升主语结构中,原来that从句的谓语动词必须改为动词不定式,不定式的形式由主句谓语时间决定。
It seems that she was there at the conference. 这个句子也可以转换为提升主语结构。首先把从句的主语she改为主句的主语,主句的谓语动词seems不变。从句的was改为不定式。由于was的时间为主句现在之前的状态,所以要用不定式的完成体 to have been. 其他结构照抄下来即可。由此得到下句:
She seems to have been there at the conference.
所以只有C项与原句是对应的。
A 项对应的句子为:It seems that she is there at the conference.
B 项对应的句子为:It seemed that she was there at the coference.
D 项为错误。主句谓语后必须是不定式。to being为介词+动名词。结构错误。
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