可以换为 but。这里,while 是并列连词,引导的并列分句与前一分句形成对比,意为“然而”,跟表示转折的 but (但是;然而)几乎没有太大差别。
Those whose mothers are still living often wear pink or red rose or carnation, while those whose mothers are dead wear a white one.
【翻译】那些母亲还活着的人经常戴粉红色或红色的玫瑰或康乃馨,而那些母亲已经去世的人则戴白色的玫瑰或康乃馨。