Perhaps the most exciting new perspectives are emerging in the life sciences-biology, genetics and evolution-where complexity is motivating a shift of perspective as profound as that which occurred in physics when relativity and quantum theory became prominent

主干是the most exciting new perspectives are emerging in the life sciences，

biology, genetics and evolution 是 life sciences 的同位语，解释说明哪些科学。

where 引导定语从句，说明 in the life sciences。这个定语从句里complexity is motivating a shift of perspective as profound是主干，as that （is motivating a shift）是一个比较状语从句。

which occurred in physics when relativity and quantum theory became prominent 又是个定语从句，是which前面的that 的定语从句，里面又含了一个时间状语从句。

是挺复杂的。不知道我说清楚没。

参考译文：

很可能，最令人兴奋的新观点正在生命科学中，即生物学、遗传学和进化论中出现。在这些领域，复杂错综的事物正在推动一种观点的深刻转变，就像发生在物理学中相对论和量子论变得突出时的转变一样深刻。