There are said to be one billion people learning English now.
据说现有10亿人学习英语。
请问老师这里可以改成It is吗?为什么?
我给你演示一下句式的转换:
1 They/People say: "One million people are learning English now." 直接引语
2 They/People say that one million people are learning English now. 间接引语
3 It is said that one million people are learning English now. 被动语态
4 One million people are said to be learning English now. 提升主语结构
说明:
句3 的宾语为that从句。从句作宾语改为被动语态句子时,不能直接用that从句作主语,而必须采用外置主语结构,用形式主语 it 作主语。
句4 是由句3 改变而来的提升主语结构。所谓提升主语结构,指的是一个从句的主语提升到主句作主语,原从句的谓语动词改为不定式作主句中的主语补足语。主句的原谓语动词不变,只做动词数的调整。即删去句3的形式主语it 和引导宾语从句的连词that,用that从句的主语one million people 作主句be said 的主语,由于主语为复数名词,is said改为are said。原从句的谓语部分are learning English now 改为不定式短语 to be learning English now,与one million people一起构成复合主语。结果就得到句4。
5 They/People say: "There are one million people learning English now. " 直接引语
6 They/People say that there are one million people learning English now. 间接引语
7 It is said that there are one million people learning English now. 被动语态
8 There are said to be one million people learning English now. 提升主语结构
句5 到句 8 的演变与句1 到句 4 的演变完全相同。只不过直接引语用了there be存在句,以避免用泛指名词(新信息)one million people作主语。在there be存在句中,there是形式主语,起着语法上的主语的作用。所以在句 7 转变为句 8 时,that从句的形式主语there 提升到主句作主语,由于真正主语为复数,因而there也是复数意义(there是单复数同形的代词),所以 is said 改为 are said. there提升为主句的主语后,there后的are one million people learning English now 改为不定式结构 to be one million people learning English now,与there一起构成复合主语。 这样就得到了句8.
这就是网友这个句子的由来。也能说明为什么不能改为 It is said...
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There are said to be one billion people learning English now.
=It is said that there are one billion people (who are) learning English
now.
【注意】 who are 只能同时保留,或者都省略:如果同时保留,则 who are learning
English now 是定语从句,修饰 people;如果都省略,则 learning English now 是现在分词短语作定语修饰 people。不能只用 who are 中的一个单词。
含有 It is said that 的例句很多。又如:
It is said that she lived to be over 100. 据说她活了100多岁。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第9版p.1900)
It is said that he was a spy during the war.据说他在战争期间是个间谍。(摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第6版 say )
不能说:It is said to be one billion people learning English now.