站内搜索了老师对宾补得解释,对“宾语是补足语的逻辑主语”搞不懂。
比如这个句子能算宾补吗? We can't have everyone in the store.
我觉得have有使动意思,in the store也使句意完整了,但everyone和 in the store 到底是不是逻辑关系,不知道怎么来判断?
We can't have everyone in the store.
本句,have 不是“有;拥有;具有” 之意,而是“使役、使令、使动” 意义的动词,接复合宾语。故 in the store 作宾补。判断宾补的前提是:宾语是其逻辑主语。
从语义看,这句话的意思是:“我们不能让人人都在商店里。” 从结构看,everyone 是 in the store 的逻辑主语。所谓逻辑主语,便是意义上的主语:everyone is in the store。正因为此,我们不能把 in the store 视为状语,不能把它提到句首,便是很好的证明。
以下我之前的一个解答,供参考:
I will have my courtesy with me.
表面看,have 是“有” 的意思, with me 是“随身携带” 之意。其实,这种理解是错的。这里,have 是使役动词,“使宾语处于某种状态”;with me 作宾补,“与某人相伴”,不是“随身携带”。以下搭配才是随身携带:bring/take/carry sth. with sb.
I have my courtesy with me:字面意思,“我要使礼貌与我相伴。”—— 引申为“我要有礼貌”。
“使役动词” have 的含义是:“使/让某人做某事、使某物处于某种状态或某种情况”。后接复合宾语,最常见的宾补是 “不定式、现在分词、过去分词”:
have sb. do sth.
have sb. doing sth.
have sth. done
除此之外,还可以接副词、形容词、介词短语充当补足语的复合宾语。关于副词(一般为地点副词)、形容词、介词短语作 have 的宾补,举例说明:
Will you have him in? (副词)
I will have some friends over for bridge tomorrow. (副词)
I won’t have David home at present. (副词)
I expect Amy will have the tea ready right now. (形容词)
The long trip had them extremely tired. (形容词)
He had done business with Germans; he had them to his house. (介词短语)
They had this army under his control. (介词短语)
He will have the car at his disposal for the whole month.(介词短语)
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