能否请老师将融合性连接副词或者融合性连接代词列举一下?谢谢老师,这一个知识点网上很少有非常详细的例句,基本上是关于连接词作疑问成分的,所以想请老师们详细系统的说明,谢谢!
首先,建议你不要使用融合型连接代/副词这样的术语,而改用融合型关系代/副词。
传统语法把疑问词引导特殊疑问句时称为疑问代词、疑问副词。当疑问词引导名词性从句时,则改称为连接代词、连接副词。例如:
What are you doing? what为疑问代词。
I don't know what he is doing. what为连接代词。此时what仍然是疑问词。
但What还能引导以下二种名词性从句:
What he gave me is a book. 名词性关系分句
You can't believe what a clever boy he is. 名词性感叹分句
如果还是把这二个名词性从句的what称为连接代词的话,就无法区分引导名词性从句的what究竟有没有疑问或感叹含义。所以,连接代词这个术语是不利于学习者的。
What he gave me is a book.这个句子中,what并没有疑问含义,what=the thing which, 即what一个词本身就包含了先行词和引导限制性定语从句的关系代词which/that, 所以what被称为融合型关系代词(fused relative pronoun)。这种what引导的名词性从句就被称为名词性关系分句,即其本质上是一个名词词组,该名词词组被限制性关系从句所修饰。
为什么要强调名词性关系分句本质上是个词组而不是分句呢?因为这种名词性关系分句和其他名词性分句的句法功能有所不同。这里只说二点:
1 名词性关系分句作主语时,可以直接将操作词移至分句前,构成一般疑问句:
What he gave me is book. —— Is what he gave you a book?
而名词性疑问分句或感叹分句作主语,改为一般疑问句时,必须借助形式主语it,而将疑问分句或感叹分句外置:
What made him mad is clear. —— Is it clear what made him mad?
What a great job he has done is incredible. —— Is it incredible what a great job he has done.
2 名词性关系分句就像名词词组一样,不能采用外置结构,而其他名词性从句则不受此限制。
What he said surprised me. —— It surprised me what he said. (X)
What made him mad is clear.—— It is clear what made him mad.
What a great job he has done is incredible.—— It is incredible what a great job he has done.
where引导名词性分句,也有名词性疑问分句和名词性关系分句之区分。
I don't know where he bought that book. 疑问副词where引导名词性疑问分句。
This is where the accident happened. 融合型关系副词where引导名词性关系分句。
关于融合型关系代词和融合型关系副词引导名词性关系分句,网友可以参读章振邦《现代高级英语语法》第492页,名词性关系分句。
有语法问题应该阅读语法书,网上查询不是学习的好办法,没有系统,支离破碎,说法不一。
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