The apple is bigger than previously thought.
The apple is bigger than it was 1 month ago.
请问老师,这两个句子正确吗?如果都正确,为什么第一个句子不带it be,第二个句子有呢?是因为第一句的对比项是全句,第二句的对比项是表语吗?
感谢老师的解答!
The apple is bigger than previously thought.
The apple is bigger than it was 1 month ago.
这二个句子都是正确的。
第一句可以还原was, 得到:
The apple is bigger than was previously thought.
第二句还可以省略it was,得到:
The apple is bigger than 1 month ago.
但不能只省略it 而保留was, 下面是错句:
The apple is bigger than was 1 month ago. (错误)
由此可知以上二个比较分句是不同的结构。
如果比较分句的主语及谓语动词与主句的主语和谓语动词相同,比较分句可以省略主语和谓语动词,即二者同时省略,不可以只省略主语而保留谓语动词。
只有二种情况下,比较分句可以省略主语,而保留谓语动词:
1 比较分句的主语为比较短语的对应项。这时,比较分句的主语是必须省略的。例如:
More people came than had been invited.
2 比较分句的主语为主语从句(形式主语it,及外置的真正主语从句)。此时,要么不省略,要么形式主语it 连同that从句一起省略。不可只省略that从句而保留形式主语it。例如:
The apple is bigger than it was previously thought that it was.
这个句子中第一个it为形式主语,第二个it为人称代词,指代the apple. that从句为比较分句中的外置主语从句。此时,可以省略形式主语it ,同时省略that 从句,得到:
The apple is bigger than was previously thought.
was可以进一步省略,得到:
The apple is bigger than previously thought.
如果保留形式主语it则为语法错误:
The apple is bigger than it was previously thought.
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