1.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
2.This is the hotel where ( =in which / at which) they were staying.
3.An ltalian about whom little is known,sailed into New York....
老师,介词后的which或从句,如何区别它们是固定搭配或介词前置到连接词的前面;含有从句的介词短语,是与第三句的用法有什么区别,是不是一般含有从句的介词短语都是介词前置的定语从句;不是随便一个介词都可以接从句作定语或状语,是吗,第三句about whom...是否叫介词短语好些?
你是老网友了,我批评你几句,希望你不介意。你的汉语表述中,逻辑混乱,概念不清,术语使用错误。这都表明你对定语从句和名词性从句的结构不是很清楚的,关键是对引导从句的从属关联词认识不够。
你提到“含有从句的介词短语”。这种表述是错误的。因为你给出的三个例句中,都没有含有从句的介词短语。我们知道,介词后接名词性结构作介词宾语,合起来构成介词短语。但介词的宾语是个名词性从句时,则这个介词短语本身含有从句。你可以称这个介词短语为含有从句的介词短语。例如:We are talking about who is the best football player. 这个句子中,about who is the best football player就是一个由名词性从句作宾语的介词短语。可是你的三个句子中并没有这种情况。
你的三个句子中,都是名词后接定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,然后介词短语在从句中作状语。
至于关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语,应该用什么介词,这要看具体情况。通常有三种情况。
1 先行词与某个介词是固定搭配,which指代先行词后,仍然与该介词为固定搭配关系。例如:
This is the way in which he did it.
which指代名词way, 而作方式状语时,way与介词in是搭配关系,所以定语从句由in which
引导。
2 介词+which在从句中作状语修饰谓语动词,而该动词要求某个具体的介词。例如:
This is the book about which we talked. = This is the book we talked about.
talk about sth中, about是动词talk要求的,所以如果用介词+which引导从句,就要用about。
3 介词+which引导定语从句,不受先行词和谓语动词的制约,而是根据逻辑需要而选用。例如:
He made a big mistake, because of which he was fired.
He made a big mistake, in spite of which he was not fired.
所以,你在阅读中,应该多观察,注意介词和哪个词的关系密切,句子表达的是什么逻辑。久而久之,你熟悉介词的选用原则了。
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1.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
这个属于介词后不要用that 这个问题。
2.This is the hotel where ( =in which / at which) they were staying.
这个问题,基本转到stay in/at a hotel的区别上去了。
我只能说,这两个介词都是可以用的,就看你到底要表达什么,需不需要去区分。
类似的介词选择:
He will remember the day on which/when she wore a red coat.
He will remember the days in which when she wore a red coat.
3.An ltalian about whom little is known,sailed into New York....
know about是固定搭配
介词的使用,显然受周边词汇的影响,比如搭配,语义等等。