连系动词除了be之外,还有半系动词。半系动词既有本身的动词词义又可作系动词连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。通常有以下几类:
1. 持续类系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand等。例如:
2. 表像类系动词:用来表示"似乎, 好像, 显得"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look等。例如:
3.感官类系动词:(以描述感觉为主)主要有look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。例如:
4.变化类系动词:主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如:
5.终止类系动词:主要有prove, turn out, 表“证实;结果是”。例如:
▲有关接表语的情况可参考以下网页:
http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201510/4275.html
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很多语法著作只提系动词,没有“半系动词”的说法。
以下内容摘自章振邦主编的《新编高级英语语法》指出(PP.88-89):
从语义划分,连系动词可分为三小类:
一类是表示事物处于何种状态或具有某种性质的连系动词,包括主动词 be 以及 feel, look, smell, taste, seem, prove 等。例如:
It is / looks a mystery.
She appeared very calm at the moment.
It smells of garlic. (它有大蒜味。)
The operation proved a complete success.
第二类是表示变为某种状态或逐渐具有某种性质的连系动词,如 become, get, go, grow, turn 等。例如:
Jack was a soldier and then became a famous actor.
The milk has turned sour.
Her hair has gone white.
This material has worn thin. (这料子已经磨薄了。)
第三类是表示继续保持某种状态或性质的连系动词,如 continue, hold, keep, remain, rest, stay 等。例如:
The problem remains unsolved.
The weather continued nasty.
This rule holds good at all times and places.(这条规则不论何时何地都行之有效。)
You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. (你尽管放心,一切可能做的事情都正在进行。)