But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ___________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
A. permitted B. to be permitted C. to have been permitted
老师,您好。
请问这个题答案是否唯一?
如果唯一,答案是哪个,为什么?
如果不唯一,可选哪些,有什么区别?最常用的是哪个?
请老师指点迷津。
一般而言,过去分词短语和被动不定式都可以做名词的后置定语,二者的共同点是都表示被动,区别是过去分词表示的动作是在谓语动作之前已经发生过的,而不定式的动作是在谓语动作之后才会发生的将来动作。例如:
The house built last year collapsed during the earthquake.
The house to be built is designed by a famous architect.
但是,在 somobody was the first/second/last man/woman/person etc. to do sth. 结构中,序数词的使不定式带有了完成体的意义,即不定式的动作是was时间之前发生的动作。此时被动不定式to be done 的 to be 有时被省略,从形式上看就像是过去分词短语作定语。
这种情况类似于want sth to be done结构中,want的语义决定了不定式的动作是谓语时间之后的将来动作,所以to be即使省略,过去分词的动作也不具有完成意义。所以want sth done中作宾补的过去分词,其实是被动不定式省略了to be.
be the first person+过去分词中的过去分词,其实也是to be done省略了to be.
通过COCA语料库查询, 某人是第一个被...的人这种意义中,to be done的使用频率远高于done. 例如:
She was the first woman to be named division director. 很多这样的例句
Ferraro, the congresswoman from Queens, was the first woman nominated for vice president by a major party. 少数这样的例句。
如果不定式表示主动意义,即某人是第一个做某事的人,不定式通常用to do形式表示完成体意义,如果改为定语从句,则从句的时态要用完成体。例如
She was the first woman to run for Oregon governor.
= She was the first woman who/that had run for Oregon governor.
由于不定式的一般体形式to do本身就表示完成体的意义,使用to have done就显得过于正式,但语料库还是有少数使用不定式完成体的例句,如:
She was the first woman to have won that award as well, although several women have won it in the past in association with male partners.
但是,如果不定式为被动意义to be done, 其完成体to have been done形式的例句在语料库是没有的。
所以,网友的这个句子中,答案应该首选B to be permitted (因为这个句型中不定式为最常用的结构),次选 A 过去分词(使用频率不及被动不定式,但也是正确的)。C项 不定式完成被动式几乎是没有人使用的,因此为错误选项。
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