The approximately $20 billion in state and federal revenues from alcohol taxes in 1995 pay for only half the$40 million that alcohol abuse imposes in direct health care costs, much less the costs laid on federal entitlement programs.
老师好,请问much less the costs laid on federal entitlement programs.怎么理解?少了than吗?
这里,much less 独立使用,后面不接than。
much less 是个“习语”,具有副词的递进用法,意为“更不用说;何况”。类似let alone(更不必说)。本句是much less + 名词词组:
much less the costs laid on federal entitlement programs
【翻译】更不用说联邦福利计划投入的费用了。
过去分词laid on federal entitlement programs,作定语修饰costs。
又如:
He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathon.
他连一英里都跑不了,更不用说马拉松了。
The universe and earth can not stay eternally, much less the human being.
天地都不可长生,何况人乎。
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