刘老师,enjoy的ing形式怎么解释?
像like, want,know,wish等词没有ing形式,那么,enjoy"喜欢,欣赏",为什么有ing形式?enjoying怎么解释?能解释为"正在喜欢"吗?
enjoy 的意思:词典上的解释非常简单,基本意思就是“享受;喜欢”。仔细体味一下,应是体现在“感官”和“心理”两方面,对“占有或使用某事物感到有乐趣和满足,即“以......为乐”,该事物可以作用于“感官的享用”,也可作用于“心理的喜欢”。
基于enjoy 的两种基本含义,那么它在句中或上下文会有不同的含义和细微的词义差别,在翻译时要酌情处理。那么,在理解和翻译enjoy 时,需要注意以下五点:
一、表示感官和物质方面的享受,enjoy 的宾语属于感官接受的事物时,一般译为“享受”和“享有”。【注意】表达此意时, enjoy 完全可以使用进行时。看例句:
Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chichencooked with garlic. 雍慧同意留下来,不久他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉鸡胸肉。
Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.王鹏正在吃第二盘饺子,他叹了一口气。
They enjoyed a superb curry lunch.他们吃了一顿极好的咖喱饭。
For the first time he enjoyed a roast potato.他第一次享受到烤土豆的味道。
We enjoyed a day’s fishing by the river.我们在河边享受了一天垂钓之乐。
He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受阳光。
I was sitting in the garden enjoying the sunshine.我坐在庭院里享受明媚的阳光。
He was enjoying his new-found freedom.他享受着刚刚获得的自由。
We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
He was a guy who enjoyed life to the full.他是个尽情享受生活的人。
The average German will enjoy 40 days' paid holiday this year.今年,德国人将平均享受40天的带薪假期。
二、表示心理和精神方面的欣赏,enjoy 的宾语属于心理接受的事物时,一般译为“喜欢”和“欣赏”。【注意】如果是进行时态,则翻译为“欣赏”,因为“喜欢”一词一般不用在进行时态中。
We enjoyed a highly amusing film.我们欣赏了一部非常有趣的影片。
Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.既然有空,我可以欣赏一下音乐。
How did you enjoy the concert? 你喜欢那场音乐会吗?
I enjoy reading Mark Twain's autobiography.我喜欢读马克•吐温的自传。
I hope you will all enjoy the exhibition.我希望你们都喜欢这个展览。
I enjoy socializing with the other students.我喜欢和同学来往。
As far as I can tell, she will enjoy the new course. 据我判断,她喜欢这门新课程。
三、enjoy 的宾语是反身代词时,即enjoy oneself,译为“过得快活,玩得快乐”。
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.假期里大家都过得很愉快。
Not all the students enjoyed themselves at the party.并非所有的学生都在聚会上玩得高兴。
On my last visit to London I enjoyed myself very much.上次去伦敦游览,我玩得很快活。
I have been here for three months and so far I've enjoyed myself.我来这里已经有三个月了,我一直过得很愉快。
The children are enjoying themselves.孩子们自己玩得很快活。
四、enjoy 的主语一般为“人”,但也可以为“物”。这时,enjoy 的意思是“有,拥有,享有”之意。以下例句,enjoy 的上述意思不必译出,真是“只可体味,不可言传”。例如:
That book enjoyed large sales.那本书的销量很大。
Speaking of Weifang City, it enjoys a reputation of “World Capital of Kites.” 提起潍坊市,素有世界风筝都之美誉。
Folk music is currently enjoying a renaissance.民间音乐现在又时兴起来了。
The oil market is enjoying a boom.石油市场欣欣向荣。
With numerous narrow waterways covering the town, Suzhou enjoys a fame as the “Oriental Venice”.苏州城内因水道遍布,而享有“东方威尼斯”之美誉。
Her music enjoyed a short currency.她的音乐盛行了很短一阵子。
五、一般来说,enjoy 作为及物动词,后面总是会带一个宾语;可以接名词,代词,反身代词或动名词,但不能接不定式。
关于enjoy 的宾语,为何只能接动名词,不接不定式,这怎么解释?
我用例子说明。我们说 enjoy working,不说enjoy to work —— 表面看,是“喜欢工作”,其实,真正含义是:在工作时获得乐趣,enjoy 和 work 同时发生并进行。这完全解释了不说 enjoy to work 的原因。我们知道,不定式表将来,尚未工作,从哪里获得工作的乐趣?
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你查词典就可以知道enjoy可以是动态动词,也可以是静态动词。
enjoy表示喜欢的意思时,是动态动词,英文释义为 to get pleasure from (doing) something 词典用动态动词get释义,说明其为动态动词。所以enjoy不同于静态动词like, want等,完全可以用于进行体。
enjoy表示享有的意思时,英文释义为:to have something good that is an advantage to you 为静态动词,不可以用进行体。例如:
Each country,be it big or small, enjoys the equal rights.
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