“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”

“这种情况产生的挫败感导致孩子们辍学且难以管教。”

备注(1)：sth(A) against sth(B) 意思“不做某事B产生/导致某物A”

备注(2)：sth(A) from sth(B) 意思“因为做某事B产生/导致某事A”

以上2个结构中的2个介词表达意思完全不同，因此不可以把against替换from。
以上2个介词用法及区别讲解如下

(1)agaisnt prep.制止；预防；防备；阻止(英文解释： If you take action against a possible future event, you try to prevent it.）

the fight against crime.打击犯罪

They are arguing against hospital closures.

他们据理反对关闭医院

A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood. 

公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。

It has been claimed that wine helps protect against heart disease.  

有人声称葡萄酒有助于预防心脏病。

(2)from  prep.因为;由于;出于 (英文解释You use from after some verbs and nouns when mentioning the cause of something.）

The problem simply resulted from a difference of opinion. 

这个问题仅仅是由于意见分歧引起的。

He is suffering from eye ulcers, brought on by the intense light in Australia.

他眼部溃疡，是因澳大利亚强烈的日光照射造成的。