现在分词短语可以不以-ing动词开头吗

Every one of them was chalky pale, the palest of all the students living in this sunless town.

问大神，逗号后面是现在分词短语吗，现在分词短语可以不以ing开头，在ing前面有living in的动作者？

Every one of them was chalky pale, the palest of all the students living in this sunless town.

=Every one of them was chalky pale, who are the palest of all the students living in this sunless town.（分析为非限制性定语）

=Every one of them was chalky pale and they are the palest of all the students living in this sunless town.(分析为主语同位语）

参考译文：他们都像粉笔一样苍白，是生活在这个阳光照射不到/阳光缺乏/缺少的小镇上的学生中最苍白的。

(1)living in this sunless town现在分词作后置定语，修饰名词“students”

(2)the palest of all the students living in this sunless town. 为主语同位语/非限制性定语

(3)the palest of +名词复数+后置定语 为形容词最高级作句子同位语或者非限制性定语。

陈才 - 英语教师

擅长：中考英语,词法问题 | 采纳率 28% | 回答于 1秒前

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其它 2 个回答

曹荣禄 1秒前

擅长：动词用法,句法问题

Every one of them was chalky pale, the palest of all the students living in this sunless town.

living in this sunless town是现在分词短语作定语修饰the students.

the palest of all the students为形容词短语，对chalky pale作补充说明。

翻译：他们每个人都像粉笔一样苍白，是这个缺少阳光的小镇里所有学生中最苍白的。

刘永科 - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编 1秒前

擅长：语法理论,语言学,文化背景

Every one of them was chalky pale, the palest of all the students living in this sunless town.

【翻译】他们每个人的面色都像粉笔一样苍白，（他们）是生活在这个缺乏阳光小镇里的所有学生中面色最苍白的。

逗号后面是个名词短语，名词后面才是现在分词。

现在分词短语 living in this sunless town，作定语修饰all the students。