1 主被动语态的选择
Because of the heavy homework, my extracurricular activities have (been) decreased to little.
请教老师，此句的语态如何选择，been应保留还是删去？为什么？谢谢老师透彻讲解。
最佳答案 2019-04-08 00:05
网友的句子，用主动或被动都正确。下面我讲解一下这个问题。
有的语法书，把及物动词叫做“他动词”，把不及物动词叫做“自动词”，是为了体现动词是否及物的用法特征。“他动词”需要跟宾语，有被动语态；“自动词”不跟宾语，没有被动语态。
decrease（下降），还有increase（提高）等动词，既是他动词（及物动词），也是自动词（不及物动词），也就是说，使用主动语态和被动语态都可以，主动语态强调了自身的动作，被动语态强调了人为因素或外在因素。在英语中，这样的动词有不少，平时要留意和积累。例如：
The paper consumption has decreased gardually.
纸的消耗量已经在逐渐下降。
The paper consumption has been decreased gardually.
纸的消耗量已经在逐渐下降。
Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year.
暴力犯罪自去年以来增加了10%。
Exercise should be increased gradually.
运动量应该逐渐增加。
His writing has improved greatly in this semester.
这学期他的写作有了很大提高。
His writing has been improved greatly in this semester.
这学期他的写作提高很大。
The botanical garden has turned into a wilderness.
植物园成了一片荒野。
All the buildings had been turned into hospitals.
所有房子都改成了医院。
The next morning, the water changed into ice.
第二天早晨水变成了冰。
Water can be changed into vapour when heated.
水被加热时，可以变成水蒸汽。
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其它 2 个回答
(1)Because of the heavy homework, my extracurricular activities have been decreased to little.（正确）（decrease 为及物动词用法）
(2)Because of the heavy homework, my extracurricular activities have decreased to little.（正确）（decrease 为不及物动词用法）
参考译文：由于作业繁重，我的课外活动已经减少到很少。
以上2个句子都是正确的
(1)decrease 不及物动词是由于自身客观因素导致下降/减少。
(2)decrease 及物动词是由于人为的主观因素使某物下降/减少。
解析：如果去掉“been”，decrease当做不及物动词使用 decreased to +结果数词 意思“减少/下降到..”
关于decrease 作为不及物动词以下几个结构，提问网友需要记住并会使用
(1)主语+decrease to 数词 意思“减少/下降到..”
By 1881, the population of Ireland had decreased to 5.2 million.
到1881年，爱尔兰的人口减少到了520万。
(2)主语+decrease by+幅度（百分数） 意思“减少/下降了..”
Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
去年房屋均价下降了13%
Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year.
人口增长每年下降1.4%。
(3)主语+decrease from A to B 意思“从A减少到B”
The North’s share of the world’s energy consumption is expected to decrease from 70% to 60%.
北方发达国家所占的世界能源消耗比例有望从70%下降到60%。
The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96.
独立公司的数量从198家减到了96家
备注：decrease也可以当做及物动词使用
结构：主语+decrease sth from A to B
They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15.
他们把小组的人数从25人减少到15人。
A: decrease 不及物动词用法
Since 1945 air forces have decreased in size.
1945年以来，空军的规模已经缩小。
The number of people who have the disease has decreased significantly in recent years.
近年来，这种病的患者人数明显下降。
Attacks of asthma decrease in frequency through early adult life.
成年早期，哮喘的发病频率会降低。
B:decrease 及物动词用法
They want to decrease their reliance on oil
他们想减少对石油的依赖。
People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.
人们应减少脂肪的摄入量。
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