Google has thrown down a clear  challenge for the gaming world：  that, using the global network of data centers, it is set to unleash enough raw computing power to blow away the industry's current way of doing things.

1.that 引导了challenge 的同位语从句。that 是引导词，网友断句时，不可把that 也划到现在分词中去。不过，原句that后应该加个逗号才是。

2.在同位语从句中，using the global network of data centers 是现在分词，作“方式状语”，前面加by 就容易理解了（by using...），逻辑主语是后面的it（指Google）。

翻译如下：

Google has thrown down a clear  challenge for the gaming world: that using the global network of data centers , it is set to unleash enough raw computing power to blow away the industry's current way of doing things.

【翻译】谷歌为游戏界抛出了一个明显的挑战：利用全球数据中心网络，它将释放出足够的原始计算能力，以颠覆游戏行业目前的行事模式。