1 限制性定语从句能不能用which

改错题(GMAT):Well-informed people know that Bordeaux is a French region whose most famous export is the wine which bears its name.

【答案】"which bears its name": INCORR ECT. The context of this sentence calls for an essential clause to  modify the wine, since the point of the clause is to identify the wine. If the sentence ended with the wine, it would be incomplete. The clause should therefore bebegin with that rather than which.

【疑问】他的意思是which不能用于限制性定语从句?有这个规定吗?

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最佳答案 2019-01-30 13:15

在限制性定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时, 一般可以互换使用, 但并非在任何情况下都是这样, 以下为宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况。


①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,
We should do all that is useful to the people .
There's nothing that can be said about it .
Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时.
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.
I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.
When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.
This is the best that can be done now.
The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如:
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .
The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.
Which is the book that you like best?
Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如:
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .
That's a good book that will help you a lot.
My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .


网友的句子中,限制性定语从句的先行词the wine为主句的表语,故定语从句宜用that引导,而不宜用which。即以上第十条所示。

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其它 1 个回答

刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

这跟是否限制性定语从句没有关系,用that 不用which,这跟先行词有关。

当先行词表达“唯一概念”时,其定语从句的关系代词,原则使用that引导,而不用which。

its most famous export is the wine 这句话暗示着:the wine 是该地区最著名的出口品,是唯一的。就是说,the wine 表达“唯一概念”。

又如:

It was the largest map that I had ever seen. 

那是我见过的最大的地图。

That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. 

那是这座城市到目前为止放过的最好的一部电影。


【个人观点】一旦先行词或之前的修饰语表达了① 独一无二概念、 ② 全部概念、③ 完全否定概念时,也就是说,你根本“无需选择或者无法选择”的时候,原则不能使用关系代词which,因为which 曾经是疑问代词“哪一个”,多少还保留着“选择”的意味。比方说,the only 表示“唯一”,everything 表示“所有的东西”,none 表示“什么都没有”,这些还需要选择吗?还能做出选择吗?既然不能选择或者无法选择,which 最好就别用了。



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  • zbr1016. 提出于 2019-01-29 12:02

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