一般没有这种用法，如果是 chance 的话，要么用不定式作后置定语，或者用介词of。

所以，正确是句子应该是：

So how can students increase their chances of getting a job。

或者：

So how can students increase their chances to get a job.

(1)the/a/one's chance of doing sth=做某事可能性/ the chance of sth某事可能性

Do you think they have a chance of beating Australia?

你认为他们有可能击败澳大利亚吗？

This partnership has a good chance of success.  

这个组合获胜的希望很大。

(2)a/the/one's chance to do sth做某事的机会

The electoral council announced that all eligible people would get a chance to vote. 

选举委员会宣布，所有有资格者都将获得投票的机会。

Most refugee doctors never get the chance to practice medicine in British hospitals.

多数去避难的医生永远没有机会在英国医院行医。

So how can students increase their chances for a job?

改为

So how can students increase their chances of getting/finding a job?

So how can students increase their chances to get/find a job?

   chance 用作名词时，意思是“机会；运气”、“可能性”。它的后置定语可以是 to do; of doing; of (后接名词)； for (后接名词)或者 that 从句。例如：

    It's the chance of a lifetime. 这是一生中难得的机会。/ Her chances for recovery are favourable. 她大有康复的可能。/ There is little chance that he will pass the test.他通过考试的可能性很小。 / What are your chances of being promoted ? 你晋升的可能性任何？（摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》）

    Do you think we have much chance of catching the train ? 你认为我们很有可能赶上这趟火车吗？（摘自《牛津英语用法指南》第三版149.2）

    I never miss a chance to play football . 我从来不会错过踢足球的机会。（摘自《朗文英汉双解词典 Longman Dictionary of American English》）