It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.

【翻译】重要的不是你为学习分配了多少时间，而是你在学习时学到了多少知识。

【分析】这是一个强调句型。but 连接了两个并列分句，第二个分句是个省略的强调句：

It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts, but (it is) how much you learn when you do study (that counts).

我们分析一下这个强调句型：

1. 被强调的成分是主语，而这个主语是个名词性从句：how much time you allocate for study。我们把它还原为本来的面貌：

How much time you allocate for study does not count, but how much you learn when you do study counts. （翻译与强调句相同）

2. 网友可能问：How much time you allocate for study does not count，为什么在强调时把not 提前了？

这涉及否定句如何变“强调句”的问题。否定句在强调主语时，如果否定的重心落在主语，而不是谓语动词上，应将not 置于被强调部分里面。网友的句子，否定的重心落在主语How much time you allocate for study，所以，把not 提前。

例如：

I didn’t make fun of him.

→It wasn’t I that made fun of him.

不是我（而是别人）取笑他。

Mary didn’t look down upon you.

→It wasn’t Mary that looked down upon you.

不是玛丽（而是别人）瞧不起你。

All of the boys in our class don’t like football.

→It isn’t all of the boys in our class that (who) like football.

Both sisters are not interested in physics.

→It isn’t both sisters that (who) are interested in physics.

Everybody doesn’t know the answer.

→It isn’t everybody that knows the answer.

All that glitters is not gold.

→It isn’t all that glitters that is gold.

Money can’t buy everything.

→It is not everything that money can buy.

He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him.

→It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.