14 companies got higher scores on an annual assessment of their economic condition by the bond-rating company in results, published this year, that date from 2008.
请教老师,published this this year 是过去分词作非限制性定语修饰results?
那么 that date from 2008,有错误吗?date的时态有误吗?谢谢老师。
14 companies got higher scores on an annual assessment of their economic condition by the bond-rating company in results, published this year, that date from 2008.
【翻译】这家债券评级公司在今年发布的2008年年度经济状况评估结果中,有14家公司得分较高。
【分析】这个句子有一定难度,尤其是翻译。
为了更好理解结构和句意,我把句子分成4块,然后根据汉语习惯,把它们拼凑成完整的句子:
1. 14 companies got higher scores: 14家公司高分较高。
2. on an annual assessment of their economic condition by the bond-rating company in results: (得高分的)依据是这家债券评级公司所作的年度经济状况评估结果。
这里面有3个关键介词:
on (依据)
by (引出动作施事者,这里的动作,指表示动作的名词assessment)
in (在...方面)
3. published this year:过去分词短语,作非限制性定语,修饰results(评估结果)。该短语的意思是:在今年发布的。
4. that date from 2008:限制性定语从句,仍然修饰results(评估结果)。因为前文插入了published this year 这个定语,所以加了逗号。注意:动词date 用一般现在时,表示客观存在,2008年对该动词没有时间修饰关系。date from 意为:“始于;源于”,其实就是指“对2008年度的”。
网友可以把红色部分,根据汉语习惯合成完整的句子。
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...in results, published this year, that date from 2008.
published this year为非限制性定语,插入到了限制性定语之前,故前后用逗号隔开。
date的时态没有错误。date from +时间名词,为短语动词,意为have existed since+过去时间名词。总是用一般现在时表示,that指代先行词results,为复数概念,故一般现在时形式为date.
《韦氏词典》例句:This bowl dates from the sixth century.
《朗文》例句:The church dates from the 13th century.
本文:These results date from 2008. = The results have existed since 2008, though published this year.
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14 companies got higher scores on an annual assessment of their economic condition by the bond-rating company in results, published this year, that date from 2008.
以上句子结构分析如下
主语:14 companies
谓语:got
宾语:higher scores
状语:on an annual assessment of their economic condition by the bond-rating company in results ,published this year, that date from 2008.
状语里面包含有3个介词短语+1个过去分词短语+1个that定语从句
(1)on an annual assessment of their economic condition
(2)by the bond-rating company 修饰限定中心词assessment(作定语)
(3)in results 作方面状语
(4)published this year 为过去分词短语修饰介词in的宾语“results”
(5)that date from 2008为定语从句修饰介词in宾语“results”
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