老师,我在语法书上看到,有些动词后面不能直接跟 that 的宾语从句,只能用 it 的形式宾语再加that宾语从句。
1. 那些动词不可以直接跟 that 宾语从句,而必须用形式宾语+that从句,这些动词有什么记忆的规律?
2. 还有些动词不可以用 that 从句做直接宾语,而必须用动名词或 to不定式,这有什么记忆规律?
3. 但是比如 like、refuse,既可以用 it 形式宾语用法,还可以用加动名词用法,这有什么区别?
解答如下
一,动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
二、几种特殊的形式宾语
通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形,即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构,但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊,其后没有宾语补足语。
1.动词+ it + that-从句
I like it that you came.
你来了,我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time.
我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before.
你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.
据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。
【备注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。
2.动词 + it + when (if)-从句
I dislike it when you whistle.
我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作,好就太好了。
【备注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。
3.动词 + prep + it + that-从句
See to it that you’re not late again.
注意千万不要再迟到。
Look to it that this doesn’t happen again.
注意不要再发生这种事。
I can’t answer for it that he will come.
我不能保证他会来。
You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you.
你放心,他会来接你的。
【备注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。
4.动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句
I owe it to you that I am still alive.
多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us.
我认为他会帮助我们的。
【备注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。
5.动词+it+V-ed that从句
I heard it said that that factory was found in 1995.
我听说是在1995年发现那家工厂。
They haven’t made it known where the meeting is to take place.
他们没有搞清楚会议什么开。
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