Think about rocks when/while you enjoy the sand and sun.
when和 while都可以表示“当……时候”,其区别如下。
(1)用when引导的状语从句表示时间,说明一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行。
—What were you doing when I came into the classroom?
当我走进教室的时候你正在干什么?
—I was reading. 我正在读书。
—What was he doing when I came in?
当我进来的时候他正在干什么?
— He was watching TV.他正在看电视。
(2)用when引导的时间状语从句也可以表示某一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作突然发生。
My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.
当我在公园散步的时候我的钢笔掉在可地上。
A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.
当那个妇女经过的时候她看到了事情的发生。
(3)用when引导的时间状语从句也可以表示某一个动作已发生,另一个动作已经完成,已经完成的主句的动作用过去完成时态来体现。
When they arrived at the station, the train had left.
当他们到达车站的时候,火车已经离开了。
(4)用while连接的时间状语从句一般用过去进行时,表示正在进行某一个动作时发生了另一个动作,而主句常用一般过去时。
While he was reading, the telephone rang.
当他正在读书的时候,电话铃响了。
While we were boating on the lake, we saw a fish jump out of the water.
当我们正在湖中划船时,我们看见了一条鱼跳出了水面。
注意:when与while引导的状语从句都可以表示正在进行某个动作,但while更强调动作持续了一段时间。
(5)用while连接的时间状语从句还可以表示某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中。
While he was reading, I was writing.
他在读书,我在写字。
While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.
爸爸在洗车时,妈妈在做饭。
I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV.
爸爸在看电视时,我在做作业。
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when 可以表示一点时间,也可以表示一段时间;while 只表示一段时间。在表示一段时间时,while 和 when 常可互相换用。例如:When I was in Japan, I bought some beautiful pearls.= While I was in Japan, I bought some beautiful pearls.我在日本时,买了些漂亮的珍珠。/ She turns on the radio when (she is) reading a novel.= She turns on the radio while (she is) reading a novel.她在看小说时让收音机开着。
下面两句由 when 引出的状语从句只表示一个点时间,不能将 when 换成 while:What did you see when you got there ? 你到达那儿时看见了什么?/ When we arrived she was making some fresh coffee.我们到达时,她正在煮清咖啡。
(摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》p.1318)