3 人称代词后面接定语从句的用法

在格言或谚语中,人称代词 he 后面可以接定语从句。如:

He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后的人笑得最好。

请问除了第三人称单数的人称代词外,其他的人称代词(如 I, we, you 等)后面也可以接定语从句吗?请专家指点,谢谢!


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最佳答案 2018-09-16 23:22

各位老师都回答得非常棒,我来补充点东西:


I. 人称代词接限制性定语从句

这个用法是古代流传下来的,现在基本只剩下谚语、格言和《圣经》句子了。

▲ he 是最典型的能接限制性定语从句的情况,因为它可以表示不分性别的泛指(当然现在为了性别平等一般会回避了)。以下引用《圣经·旧约·箴言》里的四句谚语,可以看出这个结构随着年代变化有什么改变。(其中 hgb 为和合本汉译,kjv 为 1611 年英王詹姆斯五世的钦定英译本,bbe 为 1949 年简易英文译本)

11:13 [hgb] 往来传舌的,泄漏密事。心中诚实的,遮隐事情。

    [kjv] A talebearer revealeth secrets: but he that is of a faithful spirit concealeth the matter.

    [bbe] He who goes about talking of others makes secrets public, but the true-hearted man keeps things covered.

11:19 [hgb] 恒心为义的,必得生命。追求邪恶的,必致死亡。

    [kjv] As righteousness tendeth to life: so he that pursueth evil pursueth it to his own death.

    [bbe] So righteousness gives life; but he who goes after evil gets death for himself.

11:25 [hgb] 好施舍的,必得丰裕。滋润人的,必得滋润。

    [kjv] The liberal soul shall be made fat: and he that watereth shall be watered also himself.

    [bbe] He who gives blessing will be made fat, but the curser will himself be cursed.

11:27 [hgb] 恳切求善的,就求得恩惠。惟独求恶的,恶必临到他身。

    [kjv] He that diligently seeketh good procureth favour: but he that seeketh mischief, it shall come unto him.

    [bbe] He who, with all his heart, goes after what is good is searching for grace; but he who is looking for trouble will get it.

可见近代英语(Early Modern English)里比较常用 he that,而现代英语(Modern English)更青睐 he who

▲ 当然,she 也是可以表示泛指的女性,所以能出现在这个结构里,例如在 1886年的小说《三千年艳尸记》(She: A History of Adventure)里就有 she who must be obeyed 这个短语,后来发展成了“老婆”的代称(是不是很形象……)。

▲ 不过以上两种用法比较固定,主要就是做主语了,相比之下宾格的 him her 被限制性定语从句修饰可能会略显奇怪(并非所有人都接受):

I dedicate this work to him to whom it owes its conception. (CGEL 例句,问号表示不一定能接受;个人觉得这里把第二个 to 移到句末可能接受度会高些?)

▲ 第三人称中性单数 it 和复数 they 则没有发展出这个用法,而是让指示代词代劳。

▲ 单数 it 变成了 that,例如尼采这句名言:

That which does not kill us makes us stronger.

不过 that which 还是有点文绉绉的,当代英语更喜欢用融合关系代词 what 来代替它,形成名词性关系分句,例如 Kelly Clarkson 当年很火的那句歌词:

What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.

▲ 复数 they 变成了 those,主要还是指人:

Those who work hard deserve reward. 工作努力的人应得报仇。(CGEL 例句)

Those who have lost their jobs must spend less. 失业的人肯定钱花得更少。(BBC 例句)

当然,指物也不是不可以:

The interests he is most likely to enjoy will be those which enable him to show off himself or his talents. 他最有可能感兴趣的就是那些能让他表现自己或炫耀才华的事情。(CCALD 例句)

▲ 相比之下,Iwe you 这三个人称代词,因为指代意义明确,在现代英语里就没有这种用法了。


II. 人称代词接非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句起着补充说明的作用,并不是必需的,因而也不会有上述对非第三人称代词的限制了。例如:

We who have pledged allegiance to the flag, ... (CGEL 例句)

You, to whom I owe all my happiness, ... (CGEL 例句)

别的老师的答案里举了不少这种例子,我就不加罗列了。

顺便提一下,即使没有逗号,定语从句在语义上也可能是非限制性的哦。


最后要注意的是,还有一种情况看起来像是人称代词被定语从句修饰:

It is I who am to blame.

It is you who shape your life and your future.

It is he who wants to see you.

It was them who I came across in the club two days ago.

其实它们是强调句啦~

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其它 2 个回答

刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

完全可以。以下例句均来自词典:

1. I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. 我自己,一个不能看见东西的人,仅仅通过触觉,都发现许许多多令我有兴趣的东西。

2. Day in and day out, we who were in school were constantly reminded.  日复一日, 在学校的我们不断受到提醒。

3. You who are in power have only the means that money produces.   你们当权的人所有的只是金钱能买到的东西。

4. They who cannot do as they will, must do as they can.  不能遂所愿, 亦当尽所能。

5. She who had always looked up to Kath had been talking about poor Kath.  过去一直向凯丝的一举一动看齐的她现在却在谈论可怜的凯丝。


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陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-6116.html 

当然可以啊!请点击以上链接

He who does not work , neither shall he eat. 

不劳动者不得食。

He who wills success is halfway to it.  

热切争取成功等于成功了一半。

He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 

不到长城非好汉。

You must honour him who will honour you.

你必须尊重别人,他才会尊重你。

You who are in power have only the means that money produces. 

你们当权的人所有的只是金钱能买到的东西。

She who had always looked up to Kath had been talking about poor Kath.

她一直很尊敬凯斯·一直谈论贫穷。

They who listen to such music may expect to have to pay the piper. 

倾听这种音乐的人则势必要出钱。

I, who am beyond praise and blame, tell you a word. 

我作为一个功罪两不沾的人,告诉你一句话。



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  • 王英   提出于 2018-09-14 14:59

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