1 状语变句子的时态问题

请教老师,以下原句中的让步状语having had… 换做句子时,时态如何转换最为正确?以下句子形式是否转换地得体?谢谢老师。

Many boys, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.

Many boys had had / have had / had few advantages in their youths. They have nevertheless done great things for their country.


除了这条例句,类似的,句中若有having had 可否换做had?还是必须保留原句状语中的完成体have done的形式?这点总让疑惑不解。谢谢老师。


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最佳答案 2018-08-29 21:43

完全赞同刘老师解答中的二点:1 主语用boys 与 分词完成体+in their youth矛盾,为逻辑错误。2 改为限定分句时,分词完成体改为一般过去时。

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其它 2 个回答

刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

先不说句子转换问题,我认为这个句子本身有误。错误在于句子主语Many boys,用词不当,逻辑讲不通。改为 Many men或Many adult men,所以,句子应为:

Many men, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country. 

【翻译】许多成年男子虽然在青年时期没有什么优势,但却为国家做出了巨大的贡献。

【分析】having had few advantages in their youth, 是个非限制性定语,表示“让步关系”。

1. 如果转换为从句,句子时态应为一般过去时:

Many men, who had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country. 

2. 转换为两个独立的单句也可:

Many men had few advantages in their youth. They have nevertheless done great things for their country. 


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千千学堂   - 英语图书编辑
擅长:英语

关于句子的时态问题,前面两个老师已有了很好的分析。我这里想说说网友这个句子的正确性问题。


Many boys, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.

我觉得这里的many boys与后面的 in their youth 并不矛盾。因为 boy 不仅可表示男孩,而且也可以表示“男青年”(a male child or a young male person)。对于一个“青年人”来说,他/她至少经历了三个“时期”:babyhood(婴儿期)、childhood(儿童期)、youth(青年时期)。网友的句子指的是:许多青年人在其青年时间(而不是婴儿时期或儿童时期)没什么有利条件,但仍为自己的国家做出了伟大的贡献。


上面这个句子出现在章振邦教授的语法书里,而且不像是排版错误,所以其正确性应该是可以肯定的;我在印象中在北大董桂枝教授编著的《英语特殊表现法例解》也见过类似的句子,为确实起见,我特在这本书时找到了这个句子:

Many girls who have had few advantages in their youth have done great things for their country. 许多女孩子虽然在她们青年时期没啥有利条件,但仍为他们的国家做出了伟大的事业。(《英语特殊表现法例解》第132页)



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  • mbox 提出于 2018-08-27 16:39

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