请教老师,以下原句中的让步状语having had… 换做句子时,时态如何转换最为正确?以下句子形式是否转换地得体?谢谢老师。
Many boys, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.
Many boys had had / have had / had few advantages in their youths. They have nevertheless done great things for their country.
除了这条例句,类似的,句中若有having had 可否换做had?还是必须保留原句状语中的完成体have done的形式?这点总让疑惑不解。谢谢老师。
先不说句子转换问题,我认为这个句子本身有误。错误在于句子主语Many boys,用词不当,逻辑讲不通。改为 Many men或Many adult men,所以,句子应为:
Many men, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.
【翻译】许多成年男子虽然在青年时期没有什么优势,但却为国家做出了巨大的贡献。
【分析】having had few advantages in their youth, 是个非限制性定语,表示“让步关系”。
1. 如果转换为从句,句子时态应为一般过去时:
Many men, who had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.
2. 转换为两个独立的单句也可:
Many men had few advantages in their youth. They have nevertheless done great things for their country.
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关于句子的时态问题,前面两个老师已有了很好的分析。我这里想说说网友这个句子的正确性问题。
Many boys, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.
我觉得这里的many boys与后面的 in their youth 并不矛盾。因为 boy 不仅可表示男孩,而且也可以表示“男青年”(a male child or a young male person)。对于一个“青年人”来说,他/她至少经历了三个“时期”:babyhood(婴儿期)、childhood(儿童期)、youth(青年时期)。网友的句子指的是:许多青年人在其青年时间(而不是婴儿时期或儿童时期)没什么有利条件,但仍为自己的国家做出了伟大的贡献。
上面这个句子出现在章振邦教授的语法书里,而且不像是排版错误,所以其正确性应该是可以肯定的;我在印象中在北大董桂枝教授编著的《英语特殊表现法例解》也见过类似的句子,为确实起见,我特在这本书时找到了这个句子:
Many girls who have had few advantages in their youth have done great things for their country. 许多女孩子虽然在她们青年时期没啥有利条件,但仍为他们的国家做出了伟大的事业。(《英语特殊表现法例解》第132页)
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