Some schools have introduced stricter rules for dealing with drug users.
请问句中的 for dealing with drug users 是什么成分?是目的状语还是后置定语?
1. for doing sth 的句法功能
这里的 for doing sth 是作定语,其中的 for 表示目的或用途。句意为:
Some schools have introduced stricter rules for dealing with drug users. 一些学校已经采用了更严厉的规定来应对吸毒者。
2. for doing sth 能否改为不定式
句中的 for doing sth 完全可以改成不定式 to do sth,表示“采用更严厉的规定”的目的(即用作目的状语修饰谓语动词),此时的不定式也可置于句首:
To deal with drug users, some schools have introduced stricter rules. 为了应对吸毒者,一些学校已经采用了更严厉的规定。
本人认为 for dealing with drug users 是作状语的。做定语的话,这句话的意思是:一些学校已经引进了更加严格的处理吸毒者的规则。for 就是多余的了,用现在分词 dealing with 就可以做后置定语了。所以这句话应该是想表达: 一些学校已经引进了更加严格的规定来处理吸毒者。(注意两个句子翻译的区别)
rules for dealing with drug users:从结构和搭配看,for dealing with drug users 作定语,修饰rules。
for 的意思很明显,表示“rules 的目的”。
rule 后面接不定式作定语,应该是不存在的。因为rule 自身不能deal with drug users,它只能是人的“工具”。
我再举个类似的例子,动名词作定语时的转换,即可说明它们的修饰关系:
cooking rules:动名词作定语, 等于rules for cooking。这足以说明for cooking 作定语。
我用足够的例子证明我的观点:
动名词作定语,说明动名词和被修饰语是“目的或用途的关系”。所以,我们可以用for doing,used for doing,或者which is used for doing来置换这个动名词,放在被修饰语之后作定语。例如:
a swimming pool
①→ a pool for swimming
②→ a pool used for swimming
③→ a pool which is used for swimming
限于篇幅,以下词组仅用第①种情况转换:
a walking stick → a stick for walking
a sleeping car → a car for sleeping
a waiting room → a room for waiting
a swimming pool → a pool for swimming
a washing machine → a machine for washing clothes
a writing desk → a desk for writing
a reading room→ a room for reading
a bathing cap→ a cap for bathing
a changing room→ a room for changing clothes
a sitting room→ a room for sitting
a watering can→ a can for watering flowers
a guessing game→ a game for guessing words
an ironing board→ a board for ironing clothes
a collecting tin→ a tin for collecting money
a hiding place→ a place for hiding
a racing bicycle→ a bicucle for racing
an operating table→ a table for operating
building materials → materials for building
a diving board→ a board for diving
reading materials → materials for reading
a closing speech→ a speech for closing a meeting
working hours→ hours (time) for working
a smoking room→ a room for smoking
a dancing hall → a hall for dancing
a washing machine → a machine for washing clothes
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