第一句话:When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
第二句话:It immediately ran away when she saw it.
我们对比这两句话的逗号,第一句话加了逗号第二句话没加逗号。当时间状语从句位于句首时就需要用逗号与主句隔开。语法中有这么一说吗?
关于你的问题,基本原则是:如果主句在状语从句之前,通常不用逗号;如果主句在状语从句之后,通常要用逗号。
但这并不是绝对的,实际语言是丰富多彩的,例外的情况也有很多,你举的例子来自新概念,下面我给你举几个词典的例句:
1. 状语从句在主句之前没用逗号的句子:
(1) When I turned round he was pointing a dirty great gun at me. 我转过身来,他以一支老大的枪对准我。(牛津)
(2) When he spoke I was expected to reciprocate with some remark of my own. 他在说话时,我也应该说点什么作为回应。(朗文)
2. 状语从句在主句之后却用了逗号的句子:
(1) She made herself get better by sheer willpower, when everyone else had given up hope. 当所有人都已经不抱希望时,她仅凭毅力恢复了健康。(朗文)
(2) She thanked her lucky stars that she had taken out insurance, when she was in an accident on holiday. 当她渡假出意外时,她庆幸自己办了保险。(剑桥)
(3) Newton reasoned (that) there must be a force such as gravity, when an apple fell on his head. 当苹果落在牛顿的头上时,他推断出这一定是由于某种力的缘故,譬如重力。(剑桥)
逗号的主要作用是表示停顿。这不是语法规定,而是语言表达的方式和习惯使然。在口语中表现为“抑扬顿挫”,在书面语中,用逗号显示停顿,句号显示句子结束,问号表示疑问,叹号表示感叹,分号表示并列,等等。不然的话,一个很长的句子一气呵成,除了说者太累,听者也无法断句。尤其在含有主句和状语从句的复合句中,使用逗号特别有用。
加逗号的两个原则:
1. 从句在前,主句在后时,原则上要加逗号表示停顿。如网友的第1句。主句在前,从句在后,原则不用加逗号表示停顿。如网友的第2句。
2. 如果主句和从句都很长,无论谁在前,之间都要加逗号停顿。
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