曹老师好,我对于特殊疑问句引导的主语从句中,主句和从句的谓语单复数有些困惑。
在小说里,我看到一个句子:
What I thought were blueberries have a slightly different shape.
我觉得,既然一个句子作主语,have应该是has?
我看到老师您在其他网友处提到:
这个what是融合性关系限定词,后接名词,等于the + 名词+which。
what money I have = the money which I have.
如果按照这样的用法,小说里的句子就可以改成了
The buleberries which I thought were have a slightly different shape.
这样似乎have就行得通了?
这里是否有暗含了特殊疑问词引导的从句中,主句谓语动词一个规则?
或者说在写这样的句子之前,我们要先改写为定语从句后,才能真正判断主句的谓语单复数吗?
此外,有老师提到,What在主语从句中不是主语,则从句的谓语动词应该根据主语的数来决定。
那么小说里的句子中,what从句改成主句,是 I thought that what were blueberrie吗?
谢谢老师!
你对这个句子的理解是错误的。
what可以引导三种不同的名词性从句:
1 间接疑问句
引导间接问句的what是疑问代词或疑问限定词。what仍然保留“什么”这样的疑问含义,翻译时也要翻译出“什么”。例如:
I don't know what you are talking about. 我不知道你在说什么。
特殊疑问句:What are you talking about? what为疑问代词。
Tell me what book you are reading. 告诉我你在看什么书。
特殊疑问句:What book are you reading? what为疑问限定词。
2 间接感叹句
引导间接感叹句的what是感叹限定词。这种从句是由感叹句转变而来的。what仍然保留“多么”这样的感叹意义。例如:
You can't imagine what a nice book he has written. 你无法想象他写的书有多么好。
感叹句:What a nice book he has written! what为感叹限定词。
3 名词性关系分句
引导名词性关系分句的what为融合型关系代词或关系限定词。这种从句本质上是一个被限制性定语从句修饰的名词词组。关系代词what融合了先行词与关系代词which于一身,等于the thing(s) which。关系限定词what融合了先行词的限定词和关系代词which与一身,等于(all) the+(先行词)+关系代词that。What本身既没有疑问含义,也没有感叹含义。what从句可以翻译为汉语的“的”字结构。
例如:
What I gave him was a new book. = The thing which I gave him was a new book.
我给他的是一本新书。
What I gave him were two old books. = The things which I gave him were two old books.
我给他的是二本旧书。
以上二句中what为融合型关系代词,在从句中作宾语。
I gave him what money I had. = I gave him all the money that I had.
我把我所有的钱都给了他。(本句中what为融合型关系限定词)
网友的句子中,what引导的就是名词性关系分句。既不是间接问句,也不是间接感叹句。其中,what是融合型关系代词,在从句中作主语。这个what从句可以改写成一个被限制性定语从句修饰的名词词组。
What I thought were blueberries have a slightly different shape.
The things which I thought were blueberries have a slightly different shape.
我以为是蓝莓的那些浆果形状略有不同。
网友注意这个定语从句。该定语从句本身是个主从复合句,主句为I thought,后接宾语从句,which为宾语从句的主语,由于要引导定语从句故移至定语从句之首。
(有的人认为I thought是插入语,直接分析which是定语从句的主语。这种分析似乎简单一些,可能对初学者有一定帮助。但这种分析其实是不恰当的。我就不在这里分析了。)
由于what中隐含的名词就是被我误以为是蓝莓的东西,蓝莓用了复数,可知what中隐含的名词为复数,所以主句的谓语have必须为复数形式。
我们把what从句中的系表结构改动一下:
What I thought was an apple has a slightly different shape.
我以为是个苹果的那个水果形状有些不同。
本句中我认为是一个苹果的东西,一定是单数(不可能认为许多东西是一个苹果),因此主句谓语用单数。
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