1. We managed to arrive at the hall before the concert had started.
2. He came in before I had done half the work.
请教老师,我们都知道发生在 “过去的过去” 的动作用过去完成时态,可是句中介词before前的动作先发生用过去时态;before后的动作后发生,且用过去完成时态,had started 和 had done 该怎样理解?可否用过去时态started 和did? 谢谢老师。
根据章振邦《新编高级英语语法》(P 132):
连词before表示主句和从句的动作顺序时,过去完成时可以用于主句,也可以用于从句,意义相同。例如:
Before he entered the institute, he had served in the army.
Before he had entered the institute, he served in the army.
以上二句意思相同。
如果before从句用一般过去时,则主句用一般过去时或过去完成时均可,意义相同。
The concert had started before we got to the hall.
The concert started before we got to the hall.
由此可知,网友的二个句子中的before从句用过去完成时没有错误。而且从句中的过去完成时可以改为一般过去时,意义不变。
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【答】这两个句子,不都是正确的。
1. 关于术语,给网友纠正一下:before 是连词,后跟从句,不是介词。
2. 逻辑关系判断,before 从句的动作,一般要晚于主句的动作。
3. 如果before 从句用了“过去完成时”,主句用了一般过去时,说明:从句的动作或状态已经开始,但尚未完成,这时,主句的动作开始发生。例如:
The telephone operator cut us off before we had finished our conversation.
我们还没谈完话,电话接线员就切断了我们的谈话。
He died before he had completed his autobiography.
他还没完成自己的传记就去世了。
I caught him before he had gone far.
他还没走远我就赶上他了。
She stopped him before he had swum ten strokes.
他还没有游到十下,她就让他停了下来。
鉴于上述分析,我认为:
句1,应改为:
We managed to arrive at the hall before the concert started. 或:
We had managed to arrive at the hall before the concert started.
我们设法在音乐会开始前就到达了大厅。
句2,没有问题。
He came in before I had done half the work.
我还没做完一半的工作,他就进来了。
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