句子:These fish and snails have themselves experienced a decline in population because of overfishing by humans.
请问老师:句中的 themselves 是 These fish and snails 的同位语还是使役动词 have 的宾语,如果 have 是使役动词,那e xperienced 是过去分词作宾补,这里的被动意思似乎说不通。如果 themselves 是 These fish and snails 的同位语,那 themselves 可以接在助动词后面吗?
你的问题可以从两个方面来解答:
1. 这里的 themselves 只能理解为同位语,不能理解为动词 have 的宾语。句中的experienced 确实是过去分词,只不过它不是用作宾补,而是与助动词 have 构成现在完成时。(一个很简单的判断方法,如果 experienced 是过去分词作宾补,那它后面就不可能再接宾语,而句中的 experienced 后面显然接有宾语 a decline)
2. 反身代词作同位语可以放在助动词的后面吗?回答是肯定的。如:
He was himself inclined to agree with them. 他自己倾向于同意他们的意见。
These experts have themselves experienced failure and rejection as children. 这些专家童年时也都有过失败和被排斥的经历。
句意:These fish and snails have themselves experienced a decline in population because of overfishing by humans. 由于人类的过度捕捞,这些鱼和蜗牛在数量上已有所减少。