《双城记》中一句话的状语动词与主语动词发生时间先后的问题

请教双城记中一句话的状语动词与主语动词发生时间先后的问题,谢谢大家!

The coach lumbered on again, with heavier wreaths of mist closing round it as it began the descent. The guard soon replaced his blunderbuss in his arm-chest, and, having looked to the rest of its contents, and having looked to the supplementary pistols that he wore in his belt, looked to a smaller chest beneath his seat, in which there were a few smith's tools, a couple of torches, and a tinder-box. For he was furnished with that completeness that if the coach-lamps had been blown and stormed out, which did occasionally happen, he had only to shut himself up inside, keep the flint and steel sparks well off the straw, and get a light with tolerable safety and ease (if he were lucky) in five minutes.

邮车又隆隆地前进,下坡时被更浓的雾像花环似地围住。卫士立即把大口径短抢放回了武器箱,然后看了看箱里的其它枪支,看了看皮带上挂的备用手枪,再看了看座位下的一个小箱子,那箱里有几把铁匠工具、两三个火炬和一个取火盒。他配备齐全,若是邮车的灯被风或风暴刮灭(那是常有的事),他只须钻进车厢,不让燧石砸出的火星落到铺草上,便能在五分钟之内轻轻松松点燃车灯,而且相当安全。

 

1 请教各位老师,描红的having looked此处是不是完成时做状语?如果不是状语那是其他什么成分?谢谢!

2 如果是完成时作状语,我觉得having looked这个动作应该发生在主语动作replace之前,但是我看了两个版本的翻译(如上所示),都认为look这个动作发生在replace之后,所以非常疑惑请教各位老师观点,如有完成时做状语的例子佐证最好,谢谢各位!


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最佳答案 2018-04-15 18:43

网友应该注意语法术语的使用。例如主语动词是什么?应该说谓语动词。状语动词也不规范,应该说作状语的非谓语动词。完成时的“时”,指的是时态。非谓语动词是没有时态的,只有体的变化。非谓语动词的have done形式不能叫完成时,应该叫完成体(现代语法术语)或完成式(传统语法术语)。

1 having looked to...是现在分词的完成体(式)作时间状语。

2 这个句子的主语后接二个谓语动词:replaced 和 looked to..., 二个谓语动词之间有and连接。having looked to...and havinig looked to...这个两个并列的现在分词完成体并不是修饰第一个谓语动词(and之后是第二个谓语的结构,语法上不允许将这里的状语与第一个谓语作关联),而是修饰第二个谓语动词looked ,即分词having looked的动作发生在谓语动词looked的时间之前。

类似的例句:

Having sold his house to pay the debt, he lived with his parents.

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  • tangwayne 提出于 2018-04-15 12:49

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