评注性状语(外加状语,disjunct) 是独立于句子之外的状语,属于句子状语,但它不是修饰句子,而是说话人对句子所做的评论或解释。评注性状语通常位于句首,有逗号和句子隔开。可以是副词,也可以是非谓语动词短语(此时非谓语动词的逻辑主语是说话人,而不是句子的主语),偶尔也可以是个分句。
评注性状语一般分为二大类:
第一类:说话人对句子的评论,多由副词充当。可以改写为以该副词的同源形容词作表语的主从复合句。例如:
Surprisingly, he failed in the exam. (评论)
(It was surprising that he failed in the exam.)
类似的副词有 essentially,basically, importantly 等。
第二类:说话人对句子的解释,可以是副词,但多为非谓语动词。这类状语通常可以下面模式改写:
Honestly, I don't like him. (解释)
To be honest, I don't like him. (解释)
(When I say: "I don't like him", I am honest. )
类似的状语有generally, frankly, to begin with, to tell you the truth, to be exact, generally speaking, 详细内容可参夸克《英语语法大全》disjunct (外加状语)或章振邦《新编高级英语语法》评注性状语。
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“评注性状语”—— 说的通俗一点,就是“评论性状语”或“注解性状语”。它是独立于句子之外的一个状语成分。就是说,它不是修饰句子中的某个词语,而是修饰整个句子,它是说话者对所言之事所作的评论、评价或注解。“评注性状语”,一般放在句首。主要由副词、不定式短语、现在分词短语充当,还有一些其他情况。现在,分别叙述于下:
一、副词作“评注性状语”:
用来对句中陈述的观点进行评价的副词,称为评论副词。评论副词一般都是用来修饰整个句子的。常见的评论副词有:
luckily 幸运地 unluckily 不幸地
happily 幸运地 unhappily 不幸地
generally 一般说来 fortunately 幸运地
unfortunately 不幸地 innocently 无辜地
honestly 诚实地说 roughly 大体上
briefly 简洁地 narrowly 狭义上
hopefully 充满希望地 naturally 很自然地
broadly 广义上 strictly 严格说来
apparently 显而易见 perhaps 或许
probably 很有可能 undoubtedly 毫无疑问
importantly 重要的是
Honestly, I disagree with you. 老实说,我不同意你的说法。
Undoubtedly, he is the best pianist in the world. 毫无疑问,他是世界上最棒的钢琴家。
二、不定式作“评注性状语”:
有些不定式是用来表明说话者的观点和态度的,放在句子之外,修饰整个句子,我们称之为评论性状语。常见的有:
to tell the truth 说实话
to be honest 说实话
to be frank 坦白地说
to tell you the truth 说实话
to speak frankly 诚实地说
to be frank 诚实地说
to put it briefly 简言之
to be honest 坦诚地说
to be sure 的确,毫无疑问
to make things worse 更糟的是
to cut a long story short 长话短说
to put it another way 换句话说
to take all things into consideration 从各方面考虑
To make things worse,many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay,leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.更糟的是,许多男人到城市寻求更高的收入(的工作),留下附近村里的妇女来继续这项工作。
To take all things into consideration,her life is a happy one. 从各方面考虑,她的生活算是幸福的。
三、分词短语作“评注性状语”:
有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句,表明说话者的态度、观点等,我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的有:
generally speaking 一般说来
frankly speaking 坦白地说
honestly speaking 老实说
strictly speaking 严格说来
roughly speaking 大致说来
broadly speaking 广义上说
narrowly speaking 狭义上说
judging from/by...由……判断
considering 考虑到
taking...into consideration 考虑到……
Personally speaking, it's a good idea. 就我个人而言,我认为这是个好观点。
Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般说来,女孩比男孩更喜欢文学。
四、其他成分作“评注性状语”:
in my opinion 依我看
believe it or not 信不信由你
worse still 更糟的是
what's more 更有甚者
as far as I'm concerned 在我看来,就我而言
in a word 总之,总而言之
all in all 总而言之
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