英语难句分析（涉及定语从句和非谓语动词的用法）

The hardships they endured trying to save their territory from the invading settlers .

1. 感觉 they endured 是修饰 the hardships 的定语啊，但感觉这句话的主语是 they。

2. trying 是什么成分呀，过去进行时的话会不会少了 were？

3. 请问什么时候宾语从句可以化简成动词-ing 形式？

求老师解答！

The hardships they endured trying to save their territory from the invading settlers

有以下2种理解

The hardships they endured(in 省略了) trying to save their territory from the invading settlers（in trying to...介词短语修饰定语从句谓语endure）

The hardships they endured (while/when 省略)trying to save their territory from the invading settlers

The hardships they endured(when/while they were 省略) trying to save their territory from the invading settlers（when/while引导时间状语从句修饰定语从句谓语endured）

参考译文(1):他们在抵抗侵略者以保卫领土的过程中遭受磨难。

参考译文(2):他们经历的苦难使他们保护了自己的领土免受殖民者入侵.

save...from... 意为“防止;避免”,表达类似意思的短语还有 keep/protect/preserve... from...。

She was hoping that something might save her from having to make a decision.

她希望有什么能使自己不必作决定。

陈才 - 英语教师

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刘永科 - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编 1秒前

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the hardships they endured trying to save their territory from the invading settlers.

【答】这不是一个完整的句子，开头字母不该大写。具体说，它是一个名词词组。

they endured trying to save their territory from the invading settlers，是定语从句，修饰the hardships。整个词组的意思是：

为了极力将自己的领土从入侵者手中拯救出来他们所忍受的那些艰难困苦。

我改动一下，让它成为一个完整的句子：

They endured the hardships (in) trying to save their territory from the invading settlers .

【翻译】他们忍受了那些艰难困苦，极力将自己的领土从入侵者手中拯救出来。

在一些表示“困难、麻烦、艰难困苦”意思的名词后面，经常使用现在分词，表示“在做某事方面”不容易，可以看作省略了介词in。例如：

He had great difficulty (in) learning English grammar.

他学习英语语法困难重重。

I have some trouble (in) reading her handwriting.

我认她的笔迹感到有些困难。