Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch him and, noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist.
请问老师:现在分词“noting his lack of initial success”应该是作第二个谓语attempt 的 ‘原因状语’吧?是否可以把这个分词短语也看作是第一个谓语would come over 的伴随状语,虽然逻辑含义方面似乎也行得通,但是我觉得还是不可以,因为它们之间被明显的连词and隔开了,所以请问老师状语离哪个谓语距离进就归谁所有,即状语遵循就近原则?
其次的一个问题是谓语的划分,请问谓语是动词加后面的to do 一并看作谓语是吗?例如本题中两个谓语分别是would come over to watch 和 attempt to assist。 还是只是 would come over 和attempt?请老师说一下谓语界定问题。
非常感谢。
Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch him and, noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist.
并列连词and连接相等的语法结构,and的前面是would do A, 后面就应该是would do B. would承前省略,这是并列的两个谓语。noting这个分词短语不可能越过and而去修饰前一个谓语动词。显然这个分词短语是修饰第二个谓语动词的。请注意,如果这个分词短语位于第二个动词之后,则有可能是同时修饰两个谓语,引起歧义。现在用两个逗号将这个分词短语插入and和第二个谓语之间,则只可能修饰第二个谓语,不可能修饰第一个谓语了。避免了产生歧义的可能。
另外,在叙述的时候,要注意术语的正确使用。就近原则这个术语通常是用来说明主谓一致的时候,谓语动词与哪个名词的人称和数保持一致,即与离谓语动词最近的那个名词保持人称和数的一致。这个术语不用来描述状语修饰那个动词。
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Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch him and,(主语he/any Chinese staff member 省略了) noting his lack of initial success, (助动词would 省略了)attempt to assist.
并列谓语(1):would come over+to watch him(作目的状语的不定式)
并列谓语(2)(would)attempt:+to attempt(作宾语的不定式)
特别注意以下3点
(1):不定式放在及物动词后作宾语
He wanted to offer me a drink.
want为及物动词,后面不定式作它的宾语。
(2):不定式放在不及物动词后作状语
He came to get his book back.
came为不及物动词,后面不定式作它的状语。
(3):以上如果将以上省略内容全部补齐就是一个由并列连词引导并列句,如果省略后,就是一个简单句(就结构为主语+谓语1+状语1+连词+状语2+谓语2+宾语)
请问老师:现在分词“noting his lack of initial success”应该是作第二个谓语attempt 的 ‘原因状语’吧?是否可以把这个分词短语也看作是第一个谓语would come over 的伴随状语,虽然逻辑含义方面似乎也行得通,但是我觉得还是不可以,因为它们之间被明显的连词and隔开了,所以请问老师状语离哪个谓语距离进就归谁所有,即状语遵循就近原则?
其次的一个问题是谓语的划分,请问谓语是动词加后面的to do 一并看作谓语是吗?例如本题中两个谓语分别是would come over to watch 和 attempt to assist。 还是只是 would come over 和attempt?请老师说一下谓语界定问题。
非常感谢。
解答如下:
Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch him and, noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist.
参考译文:饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁,都会走过来看着他,如果注意到他初试失败,都会试图帮忙。
句子语法结构分析如下
主语:any Chinese staff member(任何中国工作人员)(名词短语)
修饰主语后置定语:nearby (附近的)(副词)
并列谓语1:would come over (会走过来)(助动词+动词原形构成复合谓语)
目的状语1:to watch him(看着他)(不定式短语)(him是不定式宾语)
并列连词:and(并却)(并列连词)
条件状语2:noting his lack of initial success(注意到他初试失败)(现在分词短语)
并列谓语2:attempt (试图)(及物动词)
宾语:to assist(帮忙)(不定式)
备注(1):作条件状语的现在分词noting his lack lack of initial success的逻辑主语是句子主语“any Chinese staff member”
备注(2):2个并列谓语的语法主语,也是句子的主语“any Chinese staff member”
备注(3)状语1修饰并列谓语1;状语2修饰并列谓语2
备注(4):以上2个并列谓语的(语法)主语,1个现在分词逻辑主语全部公用/共享1个主语,即句子主语。
备注(5):attempt是一个及物动词后面可以接不定式作宾语
attempt vt.尝试,试图(尤指做困难的事)(英文解释" If you attempt to do something, especially something difficult, you try to do it.)
The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.
只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。
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Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch him and, noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist.
请问老师:现在分词“noting his lack of initial success”应该是作第二个谓语attempt 的 ‘原因状语’吧?是否可以把这个分词短语也看作是第一个谓语would come over 的伴随状语,虽然逻辑含义方面似乎也行得通,但是我觉得还是不可以,因为它们之间被明显的连词and隔开了,所以请问老师状语离哪个谓语距离进就归谁所有,即状语遵循就近原则?
【答】很明显,and 连接两个并列的成分:come over 和attempt,would 管着这两个动词。noting his lack of initial success,属于attempt to assist 的原因状语。俗语说得好:不能“瞒着锅台上炕”,分词短语不可能去修饰and 前面的come over。道理是显而易见的。
其次的一个问题是谓语的划分,请问谓语是动词加后面的to do 一并看作谓语是吗?例如本题中两个谓语分别是would come over to watch 和 attempt to assist。 还是只是 would come over 和attempt?请老师说一下谓语界定问题。
【答】come over to watch him 和attempt to assist,这是两个并列的“谓语部分”。每个“谓语部分”看作一个谓语也行,细分也行。若细分的话,就是:1. watch him 是come over 的目的状语;2. assist 是attempt 的宾语。
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