表示肯定推测时,通常要用 must,比如:
He must be doing his homework.
You must be joking.
请问这样用的 must 可以换成 have to / has to 吗?
表示肯定推测时,通常要用 must,比如:
He must be doing his homework.
You must be joking.
请问这样用的 must 可以换成 have to / has to 吗?
【答】可以。例如:He has to be a kind man.他一定是位好心人。(= He must be a kind man.)/ There has to be some reason. 一定有某种理由。/He has to be kidding you.他一定是在取笑你。(摘自商务印书馆《英汉多功能词典》新编升级版)
赵振才教授在《英语常见问题解答大词典》增订版第四版的解答如下:
have (got) to 与 must 都可以用来表示推论(“必定”、“一定”、“准是”)。但是, have (got) to 强调从客观上推论,因此,“逻辑上的必然性”的意义比 must 更强。请对比:
1.He must be hungry.他一定饿了。
2.If Bley was aboard, he had to have heard me.如果布雷在船上,他一定会听到我的喊声。
3.She must be asleep (= She can't be awake.)她准是睡着了。
4.There has (got) to be a first time for everything. 任何事情都必然有一个开头。
5.A:I'm the worst runner in the race.There were five runners and I came fifth.
B:Don't worry. Someone had to come last.
A:在这次竞赛中我是最糟的运动员。一共有五个运动员,而我跑了第五。
B:不要难过。总要有人跑倒数第一的。
6.There had to be some solution to the problem.这个问题总得有某种解决方法。
7.He was standing upright, so he had to be all right. 他挺直地站在那里,所以他一定没有发生什么事。
表示肯定推测时,通常要用 must,比如:
He must be doing his homework.
You must be joking.
请问这样用的 must 可以换成 have to / has to 吗?
解答:表示推测只能用must
(1)must 主观上必须,表示肯定推测,一定,肯定,必定
(2)have to 客观上不得不
must 与 have to 的区别
情态动词must和have to都有“必须”的含义,它们的用法如下:
(一)、 must “必须”、“应该”的用法:
1.must 表示“必须”、“应该”。例如:
We must protect our environment.(我们必须保护环境。)
Everyone must obey the rule.(人人必须遵守制度。)
2. must的否定形式must not表示“不应该”、“禁止”、“不准”。语气比较强烈。例如:
You mustn’t speak like that.(你不应该像那样讲话。)
You mustn’t be late for school.(你不应该上学迟到。)
3.在回答must的问句时,肯定形式用must来回答,但否定形式用needn’t 或don’t have to来回答。而不用mustn’t来回答。例如:
——Must I be home before 8 o’clock?(8点之前我必须回家吗?)
——Yes, you must. No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
(是,你必须。) (不,你不必。)
(二)、have to 表示“必须”、“不得不”,例如:
He has to stay in bed for 3 or 4 days.(他必须卧床休息三四天。)
We will have to get up early tomorrow.(明天我们必须早起。)
补充:have got to是 have to的口语形式。例如:
I’ve got to leave for Nanjing.(我不得不去南京。)
Must与 have to的区别:
must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则表示的是客观需要。Must一般只有现在时,而have to有更多的形式。
I must go now.(主观看法)
My mother is ill, so I have to go now.(客观需要)
Have to与 have got to的区别:
have got to虽然是have to的口语形式,但二者在用法上有严格的区别: have to的前面还可以用情态动词或助动词,而have got to却不可以; have to的否定形式为don’t/doesn’t /didn’t +have to,疑问式为Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to…?而 have got to的否定形式是在have后加 not,疑问式把have提前。例如:
We don’t have to go home.
Do you have to go home?
We haven’t got to go home.
Have you got to go home?
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