介词 by 的用法疑问
They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.
译文：他们发现这些公司在外部董事突然离职后，必须重申利润的可能性增加了近两成。
请问这句话中的介词by是什么意思？谢谢老师！
最佳答案 2018-01-22 13:12
▲你的句中 by 表示增加或减少的幅度。又如：
The price has been increased by twenty-five pence. 价格上涨了25便士。
Tuition increased by 5% at universities this year. 今年大学学费上涨了5%。
Traffic has increased by 50% in ten years. 十年内车流量增加了五成。
The rate of inflation increased by 2%. 通货膨胀率增长了 2%。
▲句子结构分析：在 the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20% 中：
the probability：主语
that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings 为同位语从句，修饰the probability。
Increases：谓语
by nearly 20%：状语
▲注意：表示增加了多少，若是increase用作动词，一般与介词 by连用；若是increse用作名词，一般与介词of连用，比较：
数目增加了1 000。
正：The number increased by 1 000.
正：The number had an increase of 1 000.
这个城市的人口增加了百分之二十。
正：The population of the city has increased by 20 per cent.
正：The population of the city shows an increase of 20 per cent.
若表示“增加到…”，则用介词to：
His salary has increased to $3 000. 他的工资已增加到3000美元。
其它 1 个回答
They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.
译文：他们发现这些公司在外部董事突然离职后，必须重申利润的可能性增加了近两成。
请问这句话中的介词by是什么意思？谢谢老师！
解答如下：
以上介词BY 表示增加/减少的比例和幅度
by（表示增减的幅度）(英文解释： If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost.）
Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year.
暴力犯罪自去年以来增加了10%。
Their pay has been cut by one-third.
他们薪水降低了1/3。
相关介词搭配用法如下
【1】“increase by + 倍数或百分数”,表示“增加了....倍/百分之”。
The population of this town has increase by 5 percent.
这个镇的人口增长了5%。
【2】“increase to + 具体的增长后的数字”，表示“增加到....”。
The population of our country has increased to 1.3 billion.
我们国家的人口已增长到了13 亿。
【3】“在....方面增长”用in 来引导的短语。
It has increase 30 percent in price.
它的价格增长了30%。
Its members are increasing in number.
它的成员数量正在增加。
The country is fast increasing in population.
这个国家人口增长很快。
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