根据夸克等人的《英语语法大全》:
肯定词:主要指 some 以及含有 some 的复合词或表达,如 someone, something, somebody, somehow, somewhere, someplace, sometime, sometimes, somewhat, to some extent 等,另外还包括 too, as well, one or the other 等。肯定词通常要用于肯定句中。
否定词:主要指 no 以及含有 no 的复合词或表达,如 no one, nothing, nobody, nowhere, in no time 等,另外还包括 never, few, little, hardly, seldom 等。否定词通常构成否定句。
非肯定词:主要指 any 以及含有 any 的复合词或表达,如 anyone, anything, anybody, anyhow, anywhere, anyplace, anytime, in any way, any more, any longe r等,另外还包括 either, yet, at all 等。非肯定词通常用于否定句或疑问句中。
A:肯定词:用于肯定句:肯定词一般主要用于表示肯定意义的句子,英语中肯定词主要有:some, one or the other, something, somebody, soemone, somehow, somewhere,someplace, sometime, someimes, already, still, to come extent, some what, as well, too,
To some extent, they are right.
I like swimming, too
Someone is knocking at the door.
B:非肯定词:一般用于否定句,疑问句,表示某种不太肯定的概念,一般不用于肯定句,英语非肯定词有any, either, anything, anybody, anyone, in any way, anywhere,anyplace, ever, anytime, yet, any more, any longer, at all
Have you finished your work?
-Not yet
Have you ever been to China?
He doesn't live here any more.
C:否定词:用于否定句表示否定意义,no, not, never, hardly, seldom, little, few,nobody, nothing。
除否定词not可用于构成否定句外,还有其他一些否定词语可以表示否定:
【1】用no表示。其意为“没有”:
We have no children of our own.
我们没有自己的孩子。
I’ve got no news from him.
我没听到他的消息。
【注】no后接名词时也可换成not any:
I have no [not any] friends here.
我在这儿没有朋友。
【2】用never表示。其意为“从不”:
I have never been there.
我从未去过那儿。
That will never do.
那决不行。
【3】用little, few表示。little用于指不可数名词,few用于指可数名词,均表示“很少”:
There is little time left.
没什么时间了。
Few people like snakes.
很少有人喜欢蛇。
【注】若在其前用不定冠词,则表示肯定意义:
There is a little time left.
还有点点时间。
A few people like snakes.
有少数人喜欢蛇。
【4】用nobody, no one, nothing表示。nobody和no one用于指人,其意为“没有人”;nothing用于指物,其意为“没有任何东西”:
No one [Nobody] wants to go there.
没有人想去那儿。
She said nothing.
她什么也没说。
【5】用none表示。意为“没有人或物”:
None of the pupils knew the answer.
学生中谁都不知道答案。
None of this milk can be used.
这牛奶一点都不能用了。
【6】用neither表示。意为“两者都不”:
I like neither of the books.
这两本书我都不喜欢。
Neither of us enjoy getting up early.
我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。
【7】用seldom表示。意为“很少”:
The children are seldom ill.
这些孩子很少生病。
It seldom snows here.
这儿很少下雪。
【8】用hardly表示。意为“几乎不”:
He hardly ever eats meat.
他几乎从不吃肉。
Jim is hardly ever late.
吉姆几乎从不迟到。
【9】用too…to表示。该结构虽不含否定词,但含有否定含义,意为“太…以致不能…”:
It is too late to do anything now.
现在要做什么已为时太晚。
I’m too tired to go any farther.
我太累了,走不动了。
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