I texted him to say I was waiting for him at the station.

=To say I was waiting for him at the station.I texted him（强调目的状语）

=In order to say I was waiting for him at the station,I texted him

我发短信告诉他说我在车站等他。

这里的 to say...肯定不是宾补，因为前面的 him 与不定式之间不是主谓关系。

那这个不定式是什么成分呢？是状语？那是什么状语？是伴随状语吗？不定式也可以表示伴随吗？

谢谢专家

解答如下：

以上是典型的”动词不定式作目的状语，修饰谓语动词动作发生的目的，即我给他发短信的目的。

I texted him to say I was waiting for him at the station.（普通表达）

I texted him in order to say I was waiting for him at the station.（普通表达）

=To say I was waiting for him at the station.I texted him（强调表达）

=In order to say I was waiting for him at the station,I texted him。（强调表达）

检验不定式是否作目的状语方法，把目的放在句首，看意思是否说得通，如果说的通符合语言逻辑，则为不定式作目的状语，反之则不是作目的状语。

伴随状语一般由现在分词充当，不定式一般不作伴随状语。

He sat there reading a novel .(现在分词作伴随状语）

备注：不定式作目的状语，通常其逻辑主语就是句子主语，如果不是句子主语，则需要加上逻辑主语for sb.

I pause for him to tell me a thing.

不定式常用作状归纳

1.目的：
He went out to buy a paper．
他出去买报纸去了。
We’ve come to learn from you．
我们是来向你学习的。
They’re working hard to fulfill the plan．
他们在努力完成计划。
To succeed，we must make good preparation．
要取得成功必须做好准备。

2.结果：
What have I said to make you so angry?
我说了什么话使你这样生气?
He left，never to return．
他走了再也没回来。
She lived to be ninety．
她活到了九十岁。
The curtain parted，to reveal a market scene．
幕开了，露出了集市场景。

3.原因：
I am sorry to hear it．
听了这我很难过。
She was surprised to see him．
看到他她很吃惊。
We are proud be young people of China．
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
They jumped for joy to hear the news．
听到这消息他们高兴得跳了起来。

4.条件

You would make a great mistake to accept his offer. 

你要是接受他的建议，你就犯了大错误。

To look at him you’d never think he was a successful businessman. 

若看他的外貌，谁也想不到他是个事业有成的商人。

To hear her talk, you’d think she was made of money. 

听她谈话的口气，你会觉得她浑身都是钱。

5.方式

He opened his mouth as if to say something. 

他张开嘴，好像要说什么

She lifts his hand as if to lead him somewhere. 

她牵起他的手，像要把他带到某个地方去。

Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 

那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身向我，似乎想对我说话。

6.在某方面等：

She is always ready to help others．
她总是乐于帮助人。
We were eager to take part in the work．
我们都亟于参加这项工作。
Be careful not to catch cold．
当心别感冒。
The girl is easy to get along with．
这姑娘很容易相处。

7.不定式还可在某些句型中使用：
She was too young to understand that．
她年纪太小不能理解这个。
We had enough food to last a week．
我们有足够的食物维持一礼拜。
Let’s walk faster,so as to catch the bus．
咱们走快点好赶上车。
We went by car in order to save time．
我们坐车去以节省时间。

8.不定式还可修饰全句，说明说话人的态度：
To be frank，I don’t trust him．
坦白说我不信任他。
To tell you the truth，I don’t like the plan．
说老实话我不喜欢这个计划。

I texted him to say I was waiting for him at the station.

I texted him saying I was waiting for him at the station.

如果换成现在分词呢？它是伴随状语吗？谢谢老师的解答！

解答如下：

你的以上改写现在分词作目的状语是错误的句子，不能这样改写.

首先肯定你说的第一点to say I was waiting for him at the station.的确不是宾补，因为它不是对宾语状态的补充，所以它只可能是状语，至于此处的状语是表目的还是伴随还是其他，可以直接通过词义来判断，我发短信的用意是to say I was waiting for him at the station。很明显时表示目的的，所以是目的状语，至于你问到的不定式能否做伴随状语，我搜索了一下，确有例证如下：

Mr.Smith flew to New York this morning，his assistant to join him there this Saturday.

划线部分即是伴随状语。

典型的伴随状语如下：

“Can't you read?”Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.

玛丽生气地指着通知说：“难道你不识字吗？”

划线部分即是伴随状语。

关于这个问题，我谈一下自己的看法。

首先，以下两个句子都正确：

1. I texted him to say I was waiting for him at the station.

2. I texted him saying I was waiting for him at the station.

翻译成汉语后，意思也几乎没有差别。

▲ 我比较赞同网友tangwayne 的分析：句1的不定式短语表示“目的”；句2的现在分词短语表示“伴随”。我也同意网友tangwayne说的这句话：“至于此处的状语是表目的还是伴随还是其他，可以直接通过词义来判断”。——这样说没错。其实，不同的状语就是通过语义判断出来的。

▲ 现在有一个问题是：既然上面两句表达了相同的意思，既然划分状语也是根据句子意思，那么，从语义角度考虑，为什么不能让分词短语也可以作“目的状语”呢？纯粹“伴随”？纯粹“目的”？都不合适。我想用一个折衷的办法解决“目的还是伴随”的争论。我提供两个术语，任选一个：

A. 现在分词短语，作带有目的的伴随状语。

B. 现在分词短语，作带有伴随的目的状语。

▲ 我还注意到，Expert 不同意I texted him saying I was waiting for him at the station.这个说法，认为是错的。其实，这种表达十分常见。谓语动词表示“写信，发短信，发电报，打电话，承认，反驳等”之意时，后面完全可以使用say 的现在分词，表示具体内容。例如：

Macmillan wrote back saying that he could certainly help.

麦克米伦回信说他肯定能帮忙。

来自柯林斯例句

I sent a telegram to my mother saying that I had arrived safely.

我给母亲发电报说我已安全抵达。

来自词典例句

She wrote back saying that she couldn't come.

她回信说她来不了。

Mr. black of the Electronic Co. has just rung up saying that he will come to see you this Friday morning.

电子公司的布莱克先生刚才来电话说，他本周五上午来看您。

Allen back-pedalled, saying that he had had no intention of offending them. 

艾伦退缩了，说他无意冒犯他们。

来自柯林斯例句

He retorted upon me, saying it was all my fault.

他反驳说这全是我的过错。

《21世纪大英汉词典》

▲ 下面，再回到讨论的问题。传统语法只承认不定式可以作目的状语，而现在分词短语不能作目的状语，而且还有很多人一直在坚守着该观点。我想，既然状语的种类是由句意决定的，那么，我们为什么要两种划分，而厚此薄彼呢？我前面提出的“两个术语”，就是为了采取折衷的办法处理这个问题。也算是对传统语法的一个挑战吧。

1. 不定式作目的状语，带有很强的目的性。有时为了突出和强调目的性，可以把不定式置于句首，或者在不定式前加in order 或so as。

One of my old friends came to see me from Beijing yesterday. 我的一个老朋友昨天从北京来看我。

In order to ensure success, we must make a complete and thorough plan.为了保证成功，我们必须要有一个周密的计划。

The speaker raised her voice so as to make herself heard. 为了让别人听见，演讲者提高了嗓门儿。

2. 现在分词作目的状语，目的性不是非常明确。它往往带有伴随性，目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末，通常与主句用逗号隔开。

Many young farmers hunted around from city to city, hoping to get good jobs. 许多年轻的农民从一个城市到另一个城市，希望得到好工作。

The secretary worked late into night, preparing a report for the manager. 秘书为了给经理准备一个报告而工作到深夜。

She kept it a secret, trying not to lose her job. 她对此保守秘密，尽量别丢掉工作。

（通过中文翻译，你可以体会出：分词短语隐含着某种目的。）