would rahter+主语+虚拟语气谓语这个句型中，好像没有不可以用否定结构的限制吧。以下为COCA语料库例句。

He's also aware of the faction who would rather he not be here on the mountain.

You would rather they did not exist in Texas at all? 

So, as a matter of personal preference, I would rather she hadn't put the sign up.

I am as small as she is when it comes to this, but I would rather she not know, so I do not talk at all.

值得一提的是美式英语中would rather后表示将来情况时，可用动词原型。这和语法书讲述的内容有所不同。语料库可见大量词类例句。

补充

我上面的回答有些答非所问了。我的解答是would rather后接宾语从句。网友问的是would rather后接不带to的不定式的句型。请参考并选择黎老师的解答。我补充一点：

would为情态动词，rather为副词“宁可、宁愿”，表示主语选择与当前选项不同的另一个选项，比如有人建议你做某事，你宁愿不做该事，就可以说I would rather not do it. 有人建议你今天离开，你宁愿明天离开，就可以说I would rather leave tomorrow. 因此，would rather do和would rather not do都是可以使用的。但否定的是不定式，而不是rather或would。因此not应该置于不定式之前。

有人说 would rather 只用于肯定句，不能用于否定句：

There is no other job I would rather do. 没有别的工作我愿意干。

Kids would rather play than study. 孩子们宁愿玩而不愿学习。

I would rather teach older than younger children.  我宁愿教大孩子不愿教小孩子。

would rather 真不可以用于否定句吗？有什么解释的理由吗？

解答如下：

would rather 是可以用于否定句，具体用法如下　

【一】后接动词原形后接动词原形，表示“宁愿做某事”。

I'd rather be told the truth than be lied to.

我宁愿听真话，不愿被欺骗。

I've already seen that film, so I'd rather see another one. 

我已经看过那部电影了，所以还是看部别的吧。

I'll go if you're going. If not, I'd rather stay at home. 

你去我就去，否则我宁可待在家里。

I'd rather do it without anybody's help.

我宁愿不要任何人帮助，自己干这件事。“How about a drink?” “I'd rather have something to eat.”“喝一杯怎么样?”“我宁愿来点吃的。”

备注：would rather的否定式，通常要将not置于rather之后,would rather可以当作一个情态动词理解并使用。

I'd rather not say anything.

我宁可什么也不说。

I”d rather not see her again.

我宁可不再见到她。

Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.

李先生宁愿不听摇滚音乐。

【二】后接完成式动词后接完成式动词，表示过去的想法，通常可译为“（本来）宁愿做某事”。

We went by sea, but I' d rather have gone by air.

我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。

“At that time, I would rather have been a factory worker than an animal keeper,” he said.

“那时，我宁愿做一个工厂工人，也不愿做动物饲养员，”他说道。

【三】后接从句后接从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。具体说来，有以下两种情况：

【1】指现在或将来用过去时。

I would rather you didn't mention the price.

我愿意你别提价钱。

I'd rather you knew that now, than afterwards.

我宁愿你现在知道而不是以后。

Don't come and see me today—I'd rather you came tomorrow. 

今天不要来看我——我希望你们明天来。

Tomorrow's difficult. I'd rather yon came next weekend.

明天有困难。我希望你下周末来。

“We might go for a swim” “No,l'd rather we didn't.”

“我们去游泳吧。”“不，我想我们最好不去。”

“Shall I give you a cheque?”

“我付给您支票行吗?”

“I' d rather you paid cash.”

“我想您最好付现金。”

Ann said that Bill wanted to go alone but that she'd rather he went with a group.

安说比尔想一个人去，但她宁愿他跟一大群人一起去。

【2】指过去用过去完成时。

I'd rather he hadn't told me about it 

我宁愿他未告诉我这件事。

Kate went by car and I'd rather she hadn't.

凯特是坐汽车去的，我倒愿意她不是坐汽车去的。

I'd rather she had asked me before borrowing the car.

我真希望她先问我一声再借车。

备注：有时用于虚拟语气语境中。

If I'd lived in 1400, I'd rather have been a knight than a monk.

如果我生活在1400年，我宁愿当骑士，不当修道士。

If she'd had a chance, she'd rather have lived 100 years ago.

 如果有机会她宁愿生活在100年前。