请问专家老师：动词后面能不能跟 that 从句由什么决定？

有规律吗？还是死记？

解答如下：

动词后接从句，应该如何选择正确连词引导从句呢？其连词正确选用的核心问题需要搞清楚从句的属于下列哪种形式然后对号入座即可。

动词+从句有以下几种形式

(1)从句为陈述句形式：用that引导各种从句

A:引导主语从句

It is a pity (that) they did not tell us about their problems.

B:引导宾语从句

I promised that I would change the situation.

C:引导表语从句

The trouble is that we are short of money。

D:引导同位语从句

We are delighted at the news that our delegate won the first prize in the speech contest。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

（总结：原来的陈述句需要加上连词that去引导各种从句。that宾语从句可以省略。）

(2)从句为一般疑问句形式：用whether/if引导各种从句

I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.(宾语从句)

It depends on whether we have enough time.(宾语从句)

I don’t know whether or not he will come.(宾语从句)

Whether it is true remains a question.(主语从句)

The question is whether it is true.(表语从句)

We have a doubt whether it is true.(同位语从句) 

（总结：原来的一般疑问句需要加上连词whether/if去引导各种从句。）

(3)从句为特殊疑问句形式：用连接代词/连接副词（即原来疑问副词/疑问代词）引导各种从句

Who will go is not important.（主语从句）

He asked when we would be in London.（宾语从句）

The question was who could go there.（表语从句）

I have no idea when he will be back.（同位语从句）

That is not what I meant.（表语从句）

The question is who is responsible for what has happened.（表语从句）

She is no longer what she used to be.（表语从句）

（总结：原来的特殊疑问代词/副词充当了连接代词/连接副词语法功能引导各种从句。）

2018年1月6日继续补充解答如下

可跟that从句做宾语有以下几种形式

【一】(及物)动词宾语从句（简称动词that宾语从句）

结构为：主语+动词+that-宾语从句(常见动词如下）

【接that 宾语从句常用动词：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。】

She said that they were very impressed.

她说他们被深深打动了。

Nora thought that he was seventeen years old.

诺拉觉得他有 17 岁。

My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight.

家里人坚持认为我不应让步,而应该留下来继续抗争。

I wish that I could do that.

我希望我能做那件事。

I wish that it weren't true..

但愿这不是真的。

Experts believe that the coming drought will be extensive.

专家们认为即将发生的旱灾将侵袭大片地区。

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

这个男孩相信他会通过太空旅行到其他星球。

特别注意(1)：

当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

I don’t think that it is right for him to treat you like that.

特别注意(2)

在以下情况中that不能省略：

当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

特别注意(3)

当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

特别注意(4)

当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

I can’t tell him that his mother died.

特别注意(4):许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

【二】形容词宾语从句（简称形容词词that宾语从句）

结构为：主语+系动词be+that-宾语从句

【接that 宾语从句常用形容词：anxious, aware, certain,sure, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content. 】

He is anxious that there should be no delay.

他非常希望不会出现延误。

Jane was suddenly aware that she was digging her nails into her thigh. 

简突然间意识到她正在用指甲抠大腿。

She's absolutely certain she's going to make it in the world.

她坚信自己会出人头地。

He'd never been in a class before and he was not even sure that he should have been teaching.

I am confident that everything will come out right in time.

我坚信一切终究都会好起来。

I was afraid that nobody would believe me.

我担心没有人会相信我。

I'm afraid that I can't help you..

恐怕我帮不了你。

【三】介词宾语从句（简称介词that宾语从句）

【1】短语动词中的介词在与“that”引导的宾语从句连用时，需增加形式宾

“it”，位于真实宾语之前。

You may depend upon it that they will support your proposal．

你可以相信他们将支持你的意见。

We will answer for it that the apparatus is of good quality．

我们保证该仪器的质量很好。

【2】跟在某些短语动词或某些形容词后的介词，在that从句前常被省略：

He was surprised that she said this．

他因为她说了这样的话而感到惊奇。（surprised后跟的at被略去）

She was aware that there were still many problems．

她意识到还存在着许多问题。（aware后跟的of被略去）

【3】只有以下六个介词：besides，beyond，but，except，in和save在语言的进化发展过程中，与that构成了一个复合词，起连词作用，that不可省略。其中除了in that外，besides／beyond／but／except／save that都含有“除了”的意思。

(1)bides that：此外；除了

She knew nothing besides that he was there．

除了知道他在那儿外，她什么也不知道。

(2)beyond that：除去，除……而外

He did not really know what he was going to say beyond that the situation demanded something romantic．

除去说这场面需要浪漫色彩外，他确实不知还该说些什么。

I have heard nothing beyond that he is ill．

除去他生病之外，我没有听见什么。

(3)but that：要不是；如非，除…外

But that I saw it I could not have believed it．

要不是看见我真不能相信。

Nothing would please him but that we go along．

除了我们往下进行之外，什么都不会使他开心。

(4)except that：除去…之外；只可惜；除去，除掉

I know nothing except that he left home early that morning．

我只知道那天早晨他很早就离开了家，其余的我就不清楚了。

It's a very satisfactory hat，except that it doesn't fit me．

那是一顶很令人满意的帽子，只可惜戴着不合适。

(5)save that：（不常用）除了……以外

She knew nothing about him save that he was from Scotland．

除了知道他是从苏格兰来的之外，她对他一无所知。

There was not a sound save that from time to time a bird called．

除了偶然两声鸟叫外，一点声音也没有。

(6)in that：[书面语]既然，因为；在……方面

I prefer his plan to yours in that I think it is more practical．

我更喜欢他的计划，因为我觉得他的计划比你的更实际。

In that you won't have time for supper，let me give you something now．

因为你没时间吃饭，让我现在给你点儿东西吃吧。

Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak．

人和动物的区别在于人能思维，人有语言。

刘老师对能够接that 从句作宾语的动词，作了很好的归纳。

《牛津英语用法指南》第三版指出：“可惜没有简便的方法来决定哪些名词、动词或形容词后面可以跟 that 从句。最好的方法是查阅一本好的词典。”（583.5）