1. watch for 与 wait for 均可表示等待,它们的区别是什么?
2. watch sb do sth 中的不定式不能带 to,watch for sb to do sth 中的不定式是否带 to?
3. watch sb doing sth 中 doing 是现在分词,watch for sb doing sth 中的 doing 是现在分词还是动名词?如果是动名词,那它前面的 sb 可以换成 sb's 吗?
谢谢专家!
1. watch for 与 wait for 均可表示等待,它们的区别是什么?
watch for和wait for都有等待这一层意义,for介词短语都表示的是目的状语。但二者有明显的区别。当你wait for something的时候,你只是等待,而不需做任何事。而当你watch for something的时候,你必须注意观察,留心地看着,否则你会错过某事。
《麦克米伦词典》对watch for的解释和例句如下:
[watch for something/someone] to pay attention so that you will see something when it arrives or happens
Watch for Ryan. He’s here somewhere. 留心瑞安,他在这里某个地方。
We watched for dolphins jumping on the horizon. 我们注意地看着,期待海豚从远处跃出水面。(for后接动名词复合结构。)
2. watch sb do sth 中的不定式不能带 to,watch for sb to do sth 中的不定式是否带 to?
watch作为及物动词后接复合宾语时,表示很注意地看着某人做某事。因此在逻辑上做某事无论用不定式还是现在分词,都与watch在时间上是同时的,否则你是看不到的。不定式和现在分词的区别不是时间的区别,而是一般体和进行体的区别,即做某事是做并且完成,还是做而且未完成的区别。如:I watched him write the note. When she came, I was watching my brother reparing his bike.
带to的不定式表示事件意义通常为谓语时间之后的将来事件,但感官动词或使役动词后做宾补的不定式都表示与谓语时间同时的事件,因此必须使用不带to的不定式,才能表示和谓语时间同时这个时间意义。
watch for结构中,watch是不及物动词,后接目的状语。逻辑上watch的时候目的状语中的动作是还没有发生的动作,也就是说该动作与谓语时间没有同时性。这种情况下用不带to的不定式是没有任何道理的。因此,如果用不定式,一定是带to的不定式。例如COCA语料库例句:
Watch for High Resolution episodes to drop every Monday on TechCrunch at 8 a.m. PT.
It had been a widow's walk, where women watched for their husbands to return from sea.
3. watch sb doing sth 中 doing 是现在分词,watch for sb doing sth 中的 doing 是现在分词还是动名词?如果是动名词,那它前面的 sb 可以换成 sb's 吗?
watch for + 名词 + V-ing这个结构中,v-ing可能是不同的情况。
1)v-ing为动名词,与前面的名词构成动名词复合结构。例如:
We watched for dolphins jumping on the horizon. 我们注意地看着,期待海豚从远处跃出水面。(for后接动名词复合结构。)
至于动名词的逻辑主语是否可以改为‘s属格形式,取决于该名词是否为指人的名词。如果名词指人,用’s属格为正式语体,用通格名词为非正式语体。如果该名词为无生命名词,则通常不用‘s属格。
2)v-ing是现在分词,作watch的方式状语。例如:
The company uses a high-speed camera to inspect thousands of cells per second and watch for signs of sepsis using computer vision. using为方式状语,修饰watch。即watch后接for目的状语和现在分词表示的方式状语。
3)v-ing是现在分词,作名词的定语。例如:
Watch for signs of infection in the days following removal, including fever, chills, headaches, and/or muscle aches. inclding为现在分词,作signs的定语。
以下COCA例句清楚表明,watch for sb(') doing结构中的doing是动名词,不是现在分词。
Watch for his looking at women this way or at himself in a mirrored beer sign on the wall -- clues he is out only for booty or is making sure he still looks hot.
Perhaps there were even deer in these woods, he reflected, and a moment later saw the pictorial sign warning motorists to watch for their crossing.
4 watch for sb to do和watch for sb('s) doing之间的区别
watch for sb to do和watch for sb('s) doing结构中,不定式和动名词都表示还没有发生的将来事件。
不定式表示一种可能性,不定式表示的事件可能发生,可能不会发生,而且经常表示实际上后来没有发生。如以下例句所示:
She watched for his lips to purse and spit an inky stone into her hand, but only the startle of his hiccoughs came, haphazard and loud in the room.
她等着他的嘴唇翘起将一颗漆黑的石块吐到她的手中,可是她等到的只是他的惊愕的打嗝声,一会打一下,响彻整个房间。(期待的事情没有发生。)
I watched for his hand to tap. Nothing. 我期待看到他的手指敲打桌面,但他没有。
It had been a widow's walk, where women watched for their husbands to return from sea.那以前是条寡妇路,妇女们在那里等待她们的丈夫从海上归来。(有的人可能永远回不来)
动名词复合结构也表示将来的事件,但没有暗示事件在将来可能不会发生。通常事件可能是习惯性的或在将来的发生是比较确定的。例如:
The police were watching for the man coming out of the bank.
警察们在等该男子从银行出来。(该男子会从银行出来几乎是确定的。)
Perhaps there were even deer in these woods, he reflected, and a moment later saw the pictorial sign warning motorists to watch for their crossing.
他想,或许这些林子里甚至有鹿。不一会,他看到一个警示牌提醒司机们注意鹿群穿越公路。(鹿群穿越公路是经常性事件。)
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1. watch for 与 wait for 均可表示等待,它们的区别是什么?
(1)watch for sth
=watch out for sth留心/注意某事;密切注意/戒备/提防某事
We'll be watching for any developments.
我们会密切注意事情的任何进展。
He called out to them to watch out for the unexploded mine.
他冲他们大喊,叫他们小心哑雷。
Watch closely for the French attention to detail.
仔细留心法国人对于细节的留心
We should watch out for those friends in disguise.
我们应当提防伪装的朋友。
备注:watch for 也表示等待,等候的意思
I am watching for the postman all the time.
我一直在等候着邮递员。
Will you watch for the bus while I go into the shop for a moment?
你等候公共汽车,我到商店去一会儿,好吗?
(2)wait for sth, 不做任何事情的等待
I've been waiting for the bus for half an hour.
我等车已等了半个小时了。
He was then sitting on thorns and waiting for you.
他当时如坐针毡,焦急地等待着你。
We waited for the arrival of the next bus.
我们等待下一班汽车的到来。
2. watch sb do sth 中的不定式不能带 to,watch for sb to do sth 中的不定式是否带 to?
(1)watch sb do sth 看这某人做某事
He had watched me grow from childhood.
他是看着我长大的。
He was watching the crowd go by.
他注视着人群走过。
I watched him enter that shop.
我看着他走进了那家商店。
They watched the sun set behind the trees.
他们观看太阳在树林后面落下
(2)watch for sb to do sth
She watched for her chance to cross the road.
她在等待机会过马路。
I'm just watching for a chance to punish him in return!
我正在伺机报复他呢!
We watched for them to pass.
我们等待着他们过去。
He was watching for the man to leave the house.
他在等候那个人从屋里出来。
3. watch sb doing sth 中 doing 是现在分词,watch for sb doing sth 中的 doing 是现在分词还是动名词?如果是动名词,那它前面的 sb 可以换成 sb's 吗?
谢谢专家!
(1)watch sb/sth doing sth
They watched a procession filing past.
他们一直看着游行队伍走过。
He stopped to watch us working.
他停下来看我们干活。
We watched the girls going through some of the movements they had just learned.
我们观看了女孩子们练刚学的一些舞步。
I used to sit and watch the boats moving down the river.
我过去常坐着看河里的船只航行。
They watched Brooks being beaten.
他们看着布鲁克斯被打败。
(2)watch for sb to doing sth 这个结构不存在
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1. watch for 与 wait for 均可表示等待,它们的区别是什么?
答:watch for=等待+注视(一边等一边看着,以防错过);wait for=等待。
wait for the bus 等公共汽车
watch for the bus 在等待的同时还望着公共汽车来的方向
2. watch sb do sth 中的不定式不能带 to,watch for sb to do sth 中的不定式是否带 to?
答:watch for sb to do sth 中的不定式必须带 to。如:
We watched for a bus to come.
3. watch sb doing sth 中 doing 是现在分词,watch for sb doing sth 中的 doing 是现在分词还是动名词?如果是动名词,那它前面的 sb 可以换成 sb's 吗?
答:watch for sb doing sth 中的 doing 是现在分词,其前的 sb 不能换成 sb's。如:
The police were watching for the man coming out of the bank.
1. watch for 意思是“等待”,后面常接 chance, opportunity 等词。例如:We watched for a chance (to come).我们等待着机会(的到来)。/ He watched for an opportunity of going to Beijing.他想找机会去北京。(摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》)
wait for 表示“等待”,可以用于以下机构:(1)wait for sb./sth.(等候某人/某物) (2)wait for sb./sth. to do sth.(等某人/某物做某事)。例如:Please wait for me here.请在这里等我。(不能说:Please wait me here.)/We'll have to wait for the photos to be ready.照片还没洗好,咱们得等着。(不能说:... wait that the photos are ready.)(摘自《牛津英语用法指南》第三版612节)We are still waiting for fine weather.我们还在等晴天。/ We are waiting for the rain to stop.我们在等雨停。 / We can't start the meeting yet; we're waiting for John to arrive .会还不能开始,我们在等约翰的到来。(摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》)
2. watch sb do sth 中的不定式不能带 to,watch for sb to do sth 中的不定式必须带 to,而且含义不同。例如:We watched them pass.我们注视他们走过去。/ We watched for them to pass.我们等待着他们走过去。(摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》)
3. watch sb doing sth 中 doing 是现在分词。watch for sb doing sth 中的 doing 也是现在分词,其前的 sb 不能换成 sb's。如:We watched for dolphins jumping on the horizon. 我们等着海豚在天水交接处跃出海面。(摘自《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》p.2363)