as的用法(引导状语从句、定语从句等)

请问老师我从没有搞清as的用法,引导状语从句、定语从句都有哪些用法。

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最佳答案 2018-07-25 09:56

一、有关 as 的用法要点

1. 用作介词,主要表示“作为”“当作”“充当”“如同”等。如:

He treats me as a child. 他把我当小孩看待。

As your doctor, I advise you to eat less. 作为你的医生,我建议你少吃点。

另外,它还可表示“当……时候”“例如”。如:

As a child he was sent to six different schools. 他儿时前后上过6所学校。

I was wearing clothes for dirty work, as when gardening. 我穿着做粗活的衣服,例如栽花种草时所穿的衣服。

2. 用作连词,注意以下用法:

(1) 表示“随着”,后接句子。如:

As time passed, things seemed to get worse. 随着时间的推移,情况似乎变得更糟了。

若其后不接从句,而接名词,则用介词 with 表示“随着”。如:

With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced. 随着现代工农业的发展,污染越来越严重了。

(2) 表示让步,意为“虽然”“尽管”,要用于倒装句(相当于 though,但语气稍弱)。如:

Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽然是个男孩,但举止却像个女孩。

Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你一起生活。

Try as he would [might],he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了,却仍打不开门。

该用法请参见although词条。

(3) 表示时间,意为“当……时候”。如:

He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时,把杯子摔了。

As I was coming here, I met your brother. 我来这里时碰到了你的弟弟。

注意,as引导时态状语从句时,其谓语动词通常只能是动作动词,而不能是静态或状态动词。如:

她出生后不久父母双亡,是由姑母抚养大的。

误:Her parents died as she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.

正:Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.

但是,当as用于引导原因状语从句时,从句谓语可以是静态动词或状态动词。如:

As you weren’t there I left a message. 因为你不在那里, 我留了个信儿。

as 用作关系代词,主要用法有:

(1) 用在 such, same, as 等之后,引导限制性定语从句。如:

I live in the same place as Tom does. 我和汤姆住在同处。

He’s not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。

He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。

(2) 单独用作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前、之后或中间,且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。如:

As was expected, he succeeded at last. 正如我们所料,他终于成功了。

I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice. 我饭后喝咖啡,这是我的习惯。

Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. 弗雷迪在参加会议,这是可以预料到的。

(3) as与which的区别

① 引导限制性定语从句的区别:as用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句时,它通常只用于 such, same, as 等之后,而which 用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句时,则用于除 such, same, as 之外的其他结构。

② 引导非限制性定语从句的区别:which引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只能位于主句后,而as引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前、之后或中间。

根据从句谓语动词的特点来看,as在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词,但which不受此限制。如:

Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了,这件事使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)

根据句意的逻辑性来看,as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事,但which不受此限制。如:

He married her, as [which] was natural. 他和她结婚了,这是很自然的。

He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了,这是出乎意料的。(不可用as)

 

二、有关 as 用法的参考文章

http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201707/5171.html 

http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201609/4909.html 

http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201305/3299.html 

http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201311/3512.html 


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其它 1 个回答

陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

As的用法版本1归纳如下

(一) as作连词的用法:

1.作“在…期间,当…的时候”引导时间状语从句.注意与when、 while的用法区别。 

下列情形时,只用as, 而不用when或while。 

1)用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指一边----一边. 如:

The girl sings as she goes to school.   

He looked behind occasionally as he went forward in the forest.  

2)表示两个同步发生的动作或行为,意思是随着…的发展.如:

As time went on / by, she became more and more beautiful.   

As children get older, they become more and more interested in everything.  

3)表示两个短暂行为或事情几乎同时发生.如:I watched her as she read the book.  

I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.   

Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.

4)接名词表示某一个年龄段时.如:

As a young man, he was active in sports.

As a little boy (When he was a little boy) he began to learn to play the piano.

when作"当……的时候"解,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。

如:When I was at college, I could speak several foreign languages.

When the clock struck twelve, I had slept for 2 hours.

I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop有意料之外的意思  

 while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时 如:Work while you work.       Play while you play.

   Strike while the iron is hot趁着

2. As =Since 作"既然"、"由于"解,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。

如: As he’s been ill for ages, I will help him.  

As / Since you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.  

As he wasn't ready, we went without him.  

3. As =in the way that作"像"、"按照……的方式"解,引导方式状语从句。如: Do as I told you.

Remember, you must do everything as I do.  Take the medicine as directed.   Maglev trains don’t make much noise, as planes do.   When at Rome,do as Romans do.入乡随俗

  As in your country,we grow wheat in the north and rice in the South.

4. 用于as--- as或not / so/ as ---- as中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。如:They helped the old as much as possible.   

I don't speak English so/ as well as she does.  

5. 表示虽然,尽管 等,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,模式为: adj. /adv. / n.+as +主语+谓语+主句。如: Tired as they were, they walked on.   Child as he is ,he knows a lot.Fast as he ran,he didn't catch the bus.Much as I respect him, I won’t do as suggests.  Try as you may, you might fail again  Try as he might,Tom could not get out of the difficulties.

6. 表示也------一样。 She is a doctor, as was her husband.

(二)、 as作关系代词,引导定语从句,表示正如,这一点.如:

 He is very careful, as we all know.   As is well-known, Taiwan belongs to China.  

另外,当先行词被the same, such, so等词修饰时,常用as来引导定语从句。如:

Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly.  

He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.

I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.    This book is not such as I expect

Note: He took the police back to the same place where he witnessed the robbery  

(三)、as作介词的用法.

1.表示好像。如:He dressed as a policeman.    They got united as one man.  

2. 表示作为当作。如:I found a job as a guide.   

3. 当某人是某身份时。如:As a child , she was sent to abroad.  

4.  as引导的介词短语大多用作状语,as译为"作为";少数情况可引起宾语补足语。如:

As a Party member, I'll take the lead in everything. (状语)  She works as a model.  (状语)

She has me as one of her best friends.(引起宾语补足语)  

(四)、作副词的用法

1 表示与------等同。如:This dress is twice as expensive as that one.        

2 像,如等。As before, he remained unmoved.  He doesn't speak English as/so fluently as you.

(3)英语中有很多表示比较的成语。  as black as coal     as blind as a bat     as brave as a lion    as bright as day        as busy as a bee        as cold as ice              as easy as ABC   

as fat as a pig        as hot as fire        as light as air /a feather          as like as two peas /beans        as poor as a church mouse      as rich as a Jew        as sound as a bell状况极佳;十分健康 as fit as a fiddle   as strong as a horse       as stupid as a donkey      as sweet as honey /sugar        as white as snow        as red as blood      as bright as a button    as wise as Solomon    

(五)含as的固定词组的用法 

1.As soon as I get to Beijing,I'll write to you.我一到北京,就给你写信。 

2.as/so long as作“只要”解,eg; As/So long as you study hard,you'll make progress.

比较:I've waited as long as two hours.我一直等了整整两小时。

3.as if/though常用来引导方式状语从句,作“好像,仿佛”解。如果从句中讲的是非真实情况,则用虚拟语气。eg:She loves the child as if/though he were her own. 

As if/though也可用来引导表语从句,常用在“It looks/seems...+as if/though”句型结构中。It looks to me as if/though it is going to clear up.It seems as if/though he knew nothing about it.     You look as though you slept badly.

4.as to作“关于,至于”解。eg;There is no doubt as to his honesty.

5.as much/many as“多达…”,“达到…之多”eg:He can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month.

6.As/So far as I know,he will come here next Monday.据我所知,

比较:We might go as far as the school and back.我们可以走到学校那边,然后回来。

7.She died as a direct result of the accident.表示“由于...的结果”。

8,as well为“也,还”之意。eg: Come early,and bring your brother as well.

9.so as to,表示目的so...as to表示结果。eg:He studied hard so as to pass the exam.他努力学习以便通过考试。(表示目的)

10.as a matter of fact实际上,事实上  As a matter of fact,I'm very fond of house work.  

11.as follows如下  Our plan is as follows.

12.as for至于,说到  As for me,I shall never return there.

13.as good as几乎已经,实际已经  Everything was as good as settled.一切都差不多安排好了.    She is as good as her words.她遵守诺言。

He as good as said I'm a liar. 他无异于说我撒谎。

比较:Your composition is as good as his.你的作文和他的作文一样好。

另外,还有以下习惯搭配,其翻译不能随便从字面来理解:    (as) good as gold 表现很好的     (as) good as new 完好如新       as good as one’s word 守信

as good as pie 很好的,可爱的,讨人喜欢        (as) good as a play 非常有趣

14. as well as同样,和,也,而且  She called on you as well as I.不但我来看你,她也拜访了你。 She called on you as well as me. 她不但拜访了我,也拜访了你。

在下列句中,as well as表示“像…一样”的涵义:She as well as you is an English teacher.

她像你一样也是英文教师。

George hasn’t gone abroad as well as his brother. 乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去。(他兄弟一人出国)

George, as well as his brother, hasn’t gone abroad. 乔治和他兄弟都没有出国。

1) as well as 可连接并列的单词或短语  前后两个动词的时态要一致。即:若第一个动词是一般现在时,第二个动词也应是一般现在时;若第一个动词是一般过去时,第二个动词也应是一般过去时。例如:

He publishes(published)as well as prints(printed)his own books.他的书是自己印刷并出版的。

2)如果第一个动词是复合时态,或由can,may, must等加动词构成时,as well as后面可省去助动词或情态动词,此时,as well as意为“既……又……”。例如:

We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.我们在粉刷墙壁,同时也在修理屋顶。

She can /could sing as well as dance.她既会跳舞也会唱歌。

3)如果第一个动词是不定式,as well as后面的动词也要用不定式,但要去掉to。例如:

You can't expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.你不可能叫她既照管孩子又做家务。

⑷注意as well as的另外两层涵义:1)as well as还有“除……之外”之意。例如:

As well as knowing some Russian,she speaks English very well.除了懂得一点俄语之外,她的英语讲得很好。

比较:He can speak English as well as she does.他和她英语讲得一样好。  

15.as many /much /deep /large,ect.as达……程度,多/深/大……达  As early as his second film,Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting.  早在他第二部电影中,卓别林就形成了自己的表演风格。  The well is as deep as eight metres.这口井深达八米。  

16.as usual像平常一样  She would go homeas usual for Christmas.  

17.such as像……之类,例如  He knows a lot of poets ,such as Shelley and Byron.  

18.may(might /could)as well不妨,不如  You may as well wait upstairs.  

 you might as well throw the money into the sea as lend it to him.   

19. as a rule作为一个常规,通常,习以为常As a rule, we keep records on all the experiments so that we may have enough data.   

20. As a whole作为一个整体(来看)We should analyze the problem as a whole.   

21. As above如上It has been explained as above.    

22. as…as ever像往常一样……She works as hard as ever.她工作一贯努力。  

23. as it is (was)①在句首,“但在实际上”;②在句末,“照原来样子”。As it was, we did help them.事实上,我们的确帮了他们。Leave the things as they are.别动这些东西。

24. as matters stand按目前情况来说 As matters stand, he does not like to make the plan public.就目前情况而论,他不愿公开那个计划。


As的用法版本2归纳如下 

as可以用作连词,引种状语从句,也可以用作系代语从句,其用法繁多复杂现将as句小以方便于同学们掌握。

 

1. 引导时间状语从句,

 

作"……的候",其特点

 

1) 用于表示同一人的两种动作交替行,指"一……,一……"。如:

 

The girl dances as she sings on the stage. 这个孩子在舞台上物。

 

He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 他地回看。

 

2)表示两个同步展的作或行,译为"着……"。如:

 

As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. 时间的流失,担心。

 

As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them. 着年的增,他们对的事物越感趣。

 

3)表示两个短促行或事件几乎同时发生。如:

 

I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.

 

Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.

 

4) 后接名表示某一年,用as。如:

 

As a young man(=When he was a young man), he was active in sports. 年轻时,他在运动上很活

 

注意when、 while的用法区别

 

1)when作"……的候"解,可以指短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间从句的作可以主句的作同时发生,也可以先于主句的生。如:

 

When he was at college, he could speak several foreign languages. 他上大学时好几

 

When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the street went out. 当钟12点,街上所有的灯都熄了。

 

2)while句中的动词是可延动词,表示一段较长时间或一个过程,主句与从作同时进行或在程中生。如:

 

Work while you work. Play while you play. 工作工作,娱乐时娱乐

 

2.      引原因状语从

 

作"然"、"由于"解,相于since,常用表示已所知或而易的原因或理由。如:

 

As you're not feeling well, you may stay at home. 身体不好,你还是留在家里

 

注意because,since的差:because表示的语气最强,表示一直接的原因; since常常用在中,表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因,有作"然";而as在引原因状语从一般放在句首,语气较弱,化。例如:

 He will succeed because he is in earnest.

他一定成功,因他很认真

 Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you.

你对此如此有把握,他相信的。

 

As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 

雨,空较清爽。

 

3.引方式状语从

 

作"像"、"按照……的方式"解。如:

 

You must do everything as I do.要照我的子去做。

 

She stayed in bed as the doctor had told her. 依照生的吩咐床休息。

 

Leave it as it is.把它维持原好了。

 

注意as if, as though的区别。as though/if引方式状语从的含是“好像、似乎”。如果句所表示的情是事或具有很大的可能行,句中通常使用直陈语气;如果as if句描述的是非现实的情纯属则应使用虚拟语气。另外,as if引句有用省略形式,一般是省略和主句相同的主动词be。例如:He always talks to me as if he were my brother. 他是以哥哥的口跟我说话。The boy is running here and there as if (he were) searching for something lost on the sports ground. 这个孩子跑来跑去,好像是在找在操上的西似的。He acts as if (he were) a fool.他表得像个傻子。

 4.引较状语从句。

 在as...as...或not so/ as...as...中,前一as是副,后一as是连词所引的比较状语从句多使用省略形式。如:

 

They helped the old man as often as (it is) possible. 他们尽可能常地助那位老人。

 

I don't speak English so/ as well as he ( speaks English). 我语没有他那好。

 

个关于as...as的常句型:

 

1) as...as possible (等于as … as sb. can/ could)

 

Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题

 

2) as...as usual/before

 

She looks as pretty as before.看起和以前一漂亮。

 

另外,一些as...as结构也常作为习语而使用:

 

as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一忙碌

 

as easy as ABC 像ABC一容易

 

as deep as a well 像井一

 

as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻

 

as soft as butter 像油一样软

 

as rich as a Jew 像太人一富裕

 

5. 引导让状语从

 

as引句必是倒装的形式,倒装的形式是:1)提前表单数做表语时要省略冠)2)提前状语3)提前动词原形。例如:

 

Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 管他是孩子,他却知道什做的事情。

 

Try as he might, he failed in the exam. 管他努力了,可是考试没及格。

 

Much as I like it, I can’t afford the laptop. 然我非常喜欢这笔记电脑,我却不起。

 

注意though和although的区别:although 和though也可以引导让状语从句,含是“然,管”,但as所表示的语气较强,引状语从句用倒装序;although语气稍正式些,所引句可放在句首,也可放在句中,主句中不能再用but,但可以用yet,所引句不能倒装;though引状语从句最常用,所引可和as句一倒装,也可以使用正常序。另外though和although所引句在主句的主句的主一致,且句的谓语动词有be句的主和be动词可以省略。例如:

 

Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他然年大,仍然每天慢

 

Though (it is) not very large, the room is very lit and comfortable to live in. 管房不大,但采光很好,而且住起很舒服。

 

Although (he was) born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City. 位作家然出生在芝加哥,但他却以纽约的故事而名。

 

6.用作系代语从句。

 

系代as引语从可以引非限制性定语从句,也可以引限制性定语从句。as引限制性定语从先行一般被the same, such等饰时。例如:

 

Such a good film as you described is well worth seeing.所描述的这么一部好影是很得一看的。

 

I’m reading the same book as he bought yesterday. 我在一本和他昨天的一

 

as引非限制性定语从,先行通常是一句子或句子中的一部分。例如:

 

She is late, as is often the case.她迟到了,常的事。(先行是整主句)

 

To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is very foolish.实视而不--你们好多人都是如此,是非常愚蠢的。(先行是不定式短)

 

注意和which引的非限制性定语从句修句子的差:1)as引的定语从句的位置十分活,可以置于主句的前或后,也可以在主句的中,而which引的定语从句只能置于主句的后面。例如:

 

 As we all know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back.

 

= Heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back, as we all know now.

 

= Heavy objects and light objects, as we all know now, fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. 正如我都知道的那重物体以相同的速度下降,除非是空阻碍它们

 

Bamboo is hollow, which makes them very light.竹子是中空的,使竹子非常

 

2)as在指代所修的句子的同,依然保留着其作为连词的含,有“正如,好像,像……”之;which仅单纯地指代其所修的句子所体的含。例如:

 

As we expected, he succeeded in passing the exam. 正如我料的那,他通了考

 

He was late this morning, which surprised us very much. 今天早上他到了,这让非常惊讶

 

3)as 多在句中作宾语在as is known、as is reported、 as is said、 as is announced等被形式的定语从句中作主;which多在句中作主,但非限制性定语从句中有宾语补语时,which也可以作宾语。例如:

 

She has made rapid progress, which delighted her parents.她进步迅速,这让她父母很高

 

Great wrong was done to him, as anyone can see. 他蒙受了巨大的冤屈,人皆知的事情。

 

Betty told a lie, which her parents found strange. 蒂撒了,父母此感到很奇怪。

 


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  • Victory 提出于 2017-12-16 11:23

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